בחינת השפעת תוכנית לימוד לזיהוי גורמי סכנה על יכולתם של נהגים צעירים לזהות מצבי סכנה

Young-novice drivers’ poor hazard perception (HP) skills is a prominent cause for their overinvolvement in traffic crashes. Hazard perception, the ability to read the road and anticipate forthcoming events, is receptive to training. The present research explored the development and evaluation of HP training interventions – the Act and Anticipate Hazard Perception Training (AAHPT), which is based upon exposing young-novice drivers to a vast array of actual traffic hazards they would normally not encounter with their minimal experience. AAHPT training modes were 'Active' or 'Hybrid'. The 'Active' members observed video-based
traffic-scenes and were asked to press a response button each time they detected a hazard. 'Hybrid' members observed a condensed theoretical component followed by a condensed active component. The PC-based risk awareness and perception training (RAPT) developed in the USA for young-novice American drivers by Fisher and colleagues, is a training program
that aims to convey to novice drivers potentially hazardous locations. This program was adapted to the Israeli driving environment, and a modified version (I-RAPT) was also administered as one of the experimental conditions of the study. The control group was presented with a tutorial concerning road safety.
Approximately one week later, participants performed a combined hazard perception test (HPT). In the HPT computer based component, participants observed additional movies and pressed a response button each time they detected a hazard. In the HPT simulator component, participants drove in urban and residential areas while responding to various events that occurred along the drive. Finally, experienced drivers performed the HPT and served as a gold standard for comparison. For the PC based test, participants’ response
sensitivity, response times, and eye-scanning-patterns were examined and analyzed. Overall, the 'Hybrid' mode was more aware of potential hazards relative to the control group. Advantages of each of the training methodologies are discussed. For the simulator test, it was evident that the differences between the various training groups were not consistent across all driving scenarios and that although the RAPT and hybrid trainees showed some similarities to experienced drivers in certain scenarios – there was still a gap between
experienced and novice drivers. It is possible that a more prolonged and extensive training manipulation is necessary and future studies can evaluate this both by combining training methodologies and by testing additional young novice drivers.