מאבקי הגמוניה בישראל: סוציולוגיה גרמשיאנית קצרה

As a background for understanding the constitutional-regime crisis of2023 in Israel, this essay offers a brief examination of the history of Israeli political culture from the 1920s until now, through a Gramscian analysis of four ethoses that have competed for hegemony in Israeli-Jewish politics: the pioneering ethos of the settlers of the labor movement from the period before the establishment of the state; the mamlachtiyut ethos (etatist ethos) of the early state period; the civil-liberal ethos (or the post-Zionist ethos) that emerged in the 1980s and 1990s; andthe ethnocentric religious-nationalist ethos (or the neo-Zionist ethos) that emergedrecently. Each of these ethoses had to confront competing – residual, subversiveor opposing ethoses – and those who managed to establish a hegemonic positioncontained components of other ethoses in a subordinate manner. But the internalconflict created by this has not subsided, and with the change of social and historical circumstances and the joining of new elements, a renewed hegemonicstruggle has erupted.