3-Weeks of Prefrontal and Insular Deep TMS Combined With Cue-Induced Craving Significantly Increases Smoking Abstinence: Results From an International, Multi-Site, Randomized, Sham Controlled Trial

Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in developed countries. Previous studies in animal models and humans suggest that repeated activation of cue-induced craving networks followed by electromagnetic stimulation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) can cause lasting reductions in drug craving and consumption. This FDA pivotal double-blind sham-controlled multicenter study was designed to test the effectiveness of deep TMS to PFC and insula to induce smoking cessation.