3D fluorescence imaging through a scattering medium using the transport of intensity equation and Fresnel ping-pong algorithm

A three-dimensional (3D) fluorescent imaging method through a scattering medium has been presented. The proposed method combines digital phase conjugate reconstruction of the scattered light wave by the transport of intensity equation-based 3D fluorescent imaging to the position of scattering medium and followed phase retrieval method by Fresnel ping-pong algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is experimentally verified by measuring the 3D distribution of fluorescent beads and tobacco-cultured cells through a thin diffuser. Compared to other methods, the reconstructed images show enhancement of the detailed structure of the objects blurred by the diffuser in a wide area. In the simulation, the proposed method is capable of recovering images degraded by scattering in the phase modulation range from 0 to 2π. The capability to identify the depth position is also presented.