3D-printing approach for fabricating solar cells and piezoelectric devices: A holistic review

Significant energy shifts are continuously occurring in our energy-driven civilization. To meet the energy demand, sustainable techniques for energy exploitation are being emphasized. From this perspective, piezoelectric devices and solar cells have advanced significantly. Nevertheless, the practical use of these energy harvesting devices is restricted by their conventional production processes. Moreover, it is imperative to develop energy harvesting devices having flexible and adjustable substrate. However, the flexibility of piezoelectric devices and solar cells is beyond the reach of conventional production techniques. Consequently, in this frame, robust 3D-printing technology has been employed to eradicate the challenges related to producing flexible energy harvesting devices. Some 3D-printing techniques for solar cells and piezoelectric devices are described in this review paper. Thankfully, with the help of 3D-printing, the scientific community can now develop inexpensive, effective, adaptable, and stable energy harvesting systems. The aim of this holistic review is to precisely analyse the fabrication of solar cells and piezoelectric devices with the help of 3D printing technologies. It has evaluated the challenges, advancements, and potential applications of this innovative and sustainable manufacturing approach in this specific field of energy technology.