TY - JOUR
T1 - A CMOS/LCOS image transceiver chip for smart goggle applications
AU - Efron, U.
AU - David, I.
AU - Sinelnikov, V.
AU - Apter, B.
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received August 6, 2002; revised June 12, 2003. This work was supported by the Israeli Ministry of Science. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor S. Chen.
PY - 2004/2/1
Y1 - 2004/2/1
N2 - The design of a novel, CMOS-liquid-crystal-based image transceiver device (ITD) is described. The device combines both functions of imaging and display by means of a dual-function array formed in a single-processed chip. The image transceiver system design allows the integration of the see-through, aiming, imaging, and display of a superposed image into a single, compact, head-mounted goggle. The timing, sequencing, and control of the ITD array are designed in a pipeline array-processing scheme. The CMOS-based pixel elements are designed to provide efficient imaging in the visible range as well as driver capabilities for the overlying liquid crystal modulator. The image sensor part of the pixel consists of an n-well photodiode and a three-transistor readout circuit and is based on a back-illuminated sensor configuration. In order to provide a high imager fill-factor, two pixel configurations were conceived and analyzed: 1) a p + +/p- /p-well silicon structure using twin-well CMOS process and 2) an n-well processed silicon structure with a micro-lens array. The display portion of the ITD, based on LCOS micro-display technology, consists of a silicon-based reflective, active matrix driver, using a nematic liquid crystal. Details of the device design and its control system are presented.
AB - The design of a novel, CMOS-liquid-crystal-based image transceiver device (ITD) is described. The device combines both functions of imaging and display by means of a dual-function array formed in a single-processed chip. The image transceiver system design allows the integration of the see-through, aiming, imaging, and display of a superposed image into a single, compact, head-mounted goggle. The timing, sequencing, and control of the ITD array are designed in a pipeline array-processing scheme. The CMOS-based pixel elements are designed to provide efficient imaging in the visible range as well as driver capabilities for the overlying liquid crystal modulator. The image sensor part of the pixel consists of an n-well photodiode and a three-transistor readout circuit and is based on a back-illuminated sensor configuration. In order to provide a high imager fill-factor, two pixel configurations were conceived and analyzed: 1) a p + +/p- /p-well silicon structure using twin-well CMOS process and 2) an n-well processed silicon structure with a micro-lens array. The display portion of the ITD, based on LCOS micro-display technology, consists of a silicon-based reflective, active matrix driver, using a nematic liquid crystal. Details of the device design and its control system are presented.
KW - CMOS imager
KW - Combined imager-display
KW - Head-mounted display
KW - Liquid crystal display
KW - Smart Goggle
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=1642389253&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TCSVT.2003.819180
DO - 10.1109/TCSVT.2003.819180
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:1642389253
SN - 1051-8215
VL - 14
SP - 269
EP - 273
JO - IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
JF - IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
IS - 2
ER -