A comparison of gag, pol and rev antisense oligodeoxynucleotides as inhibitors of HIV-1

Sequences from the gag, pol and rev regions of the RF strain of HIV-1 (HIV-1_RF) were chosen as targets for antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (S-oligos). These sequences were the p18/p24 junction in gag, the active site of HIV protease in pol; a sequence from the first exon of the rev gene and S-oligodeoxycytidylic acid controls. Compounds were tested against HIV-1 in both acutely and chronically infected cells. The results show that these phosphorothioate analogues tested in acutely infected cells were active in the 0.1-2 μM range, were dependent on chain length but had no sequence specificity. To study the mechanism of action, the time of addition of S-oligos to acutely infected cells was delayed for up to 48 h post-infection. It was found that antiviral activity was lost when compounds were added to the cultures later than 10 h post-infection. With chronically infected cells only the antisense rev sequence showed activity at 30 μM and neither of the gag or pol antisense sequences has a significant effect on HIV replication at 50 μM. These results are consistent with previous in vitro studies which demonstrate that antisense S-oligodeoxynucleotides have several modes of action.