A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration

Nicholas A. Coles; David S. March; Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos; Jeff T. Larsen; Nwadiogo C. Arinze; Izuchukwu L.G. Ndukaihe; Megan L. Willis; Francesco Foroni; Niv Reggev; Aviv Mokady; Patrick S. Forscher; John F. Hunter; Gwenaël Kaminski; Elif Yüvrük; Aycan Kapucu; Tamás Nagy; Nandor Hajdu; Julian Tejada; Raquel M.K. Freitag; Danilo Zambrano; Bidisha Som; Balazs Aczel; Krystian Barzykowski; Sylwia Adamus; Katarzyna Filip; Yuki Yamada; Ayumi Ikeda; Daniel L. Eaves; Carmel A. Levitan; Sydney Leiweke; Michal Parzuchowski; Natalie Butcher; Gerit Pfuhl; Dana M. Basnight-Brown; José A. Hinojosa; Pedro R. Montoro; Lady G. Javela D; Kevin Vezirian; Hans IJzerman; Natalia Trujillo; Sarah D. Pressman; Pascal M. Gygax; Asil A. Özdoğru; Susana Ruiz-Fernandez; Phoebe C. Ellsworth; Lowell Gaertner; Fritz Strack; Marco Marozzi; Marco Tullio Liuzza

doi:10.1038/s41562-022-01458-9

A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration

Nicholas A. Coles, David S. March, Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos, Jeff T. Larsen, Nwadiogo C. Arinze, Izuchukwu L.G. Ndukaihe, Megan L. Willis, Francesco Foroni, Niv Reggev, Aviv Mokady, Patrick S. Forscher, John F. Hunter, Gwenaël Kaminski, Elif Yüvrük, Aycan Kapucu, Tamás Nagy, Nandor Hajdu, Julian Tejada, Raquel M.K. Freitag, Danilo ZambranoBidisha Som, Balazs Aczel, Krystian Barzykowski, Sylwia Adamus, Katarzyna Filip, Yuki Yamada, Ayumi Ikeda, Daniel L. Eaves, Carmel A. Levitan, Sydney Leiweke, Michal Parzuchowski, Natalie Butcher, Gerit Pfuhl, Dana M. Basnight-Brown, José A. Hinojosa, Pedro R. Montoro, Lady G. Javela D, Kevin Vezirian, Hans IJzerman, Natalia Trujillo, Sarah D. Pressman, Pascal M. Gygax, Asil A. Özdoğru, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Phoebe C. Ellsworth, Lowell Gaertner, Fritz Strack, Marco Marozzi, Marco Tullio Liuzza

Department of Psychology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Following theories of emotional embodiment, the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that individuals’ subjective experiences of emotion are influenced by their facial expressions. However, evidence for this hypothesis has been mixed. We thus formed a global adversarial collaboration and carried out a preregistered, multicentre study designed to specify and test the conditions that should most reliably produce facial feedback effects. Data from n = 3,878 participants spanning 19 countries indicated that a facial mimicry and voluntary facial action task could both amplify and initiate feelings of happiness. However, evidence of facial feedback effects was less conclusive when facial feedback was manipulated unobtrusively via a pen-in-mouth task.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1731-1742
Number of pages	12
Journal	Nature Human Behaviour
Volume	6
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01458-9
State	Published - 1 Dec 2022

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Social Psychology
Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Behavioral Neuroscience

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Coles, N. A., March, D. S., Marmolejo-Ramos, F., Larsen, J. T., Arinze, N. C., Ndukaihe, I. L. G., Willis, M. L., Foroni, F., Reggev, N., Mokady, A., Forscher, P. S., Hunter, J. F., Kaminski, G., Yüvrük, E., Kapucu, A., Nagy, T., Hajdu, N., Tejada, J., Freitag, R. M. K., ... Liuzza, M. T. (2022). A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(12), 1731-1742. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01458-9

@article{18bc1167853747048c62be2ca75954e4,

title = "A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration",

abstract = "Following theories of emotional embodiment, the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that individuals{\textquoteright} subjective experiences of emotion are influenced by their facial expressions. However, evidence for this hypothesis has been mixed. We thus formed a global adversarial collaboration and carried out a preregistered, multicentre study designed to specify and test the conditions that should most reliably produce facial feedback effects. Data from n = 3,878 participants spanning 19 countries indicated that a facial mimicry and voluntary facial action task could both amplify and initiate feelings of happiness. However, evidence of facial feedback effects was less conclusive when facial feedback was manipulated unobtrusively via a pen-in-mouth task.",

author = "Coles, {Nicholas A.} and March, {David S.} and Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos and Larsen, {Jeff T.} and Arinze, {Nwadiogo C.} and Ndukaihe, {Izuchukwu L.G.} and Willis, {Megan L.} and Francesco Foroni and Niv Reggev and Aviv Mokady and Forscher, {Patrick S.} and Hunter, {John F.} and Gwena{\"e}l Kaminski and Elif Y{\"u}vr{\"u}k and Aycan Kapucu and Tam{\'a}s Nagy and Nandor Hajdu and Julian Tejada and Freitag, {Raquel M.K.} and Danilo Zambrano and Bidisha Som and Balazs Aczel and Krystian Barzykowski and Sylwia Adamus and Katarzyna Filip and Yuki Yamada and Ayumi Ikeda and Eaves, {Daniel L.} and Levitan, {Carmel A.} and Sydney Leiweke and Michal Parzuchowski and Natalie Butcher and Gerit Pfuhl and Basnight-Brown, {Dana M.} and Hinojosa, {Jos{\'e} A.} and Montoro, {Pedro R.} and {Javela D}, {Lady G.} and Kevin Vezirian and Hans IJzerman and Natalia Trujillo and Pressman, {Sarah D.} and Gygax, {Pascal M.} and {\"O}zdoğru, {Asil A.} and Susana Ruiz-Fernandez and Ellsworth, {Phoebe C.} and Lowell Gaertner and Fritz Strack and Marco Marozzi and Liuzza, {Marco Tullio}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was financially supported by B. Stastny, who generously donated funds for this research in memory of his father, Bill Stastny (J.T.L.). The work was also supported by the National Science Centre, Poland (grant no. 2019/35/B/HS6/00528; K.B.), JSPS KAKENHI (grant nos 16H03079, 17H00875, 18K12015, 20H04581 and 21H03784; Y.Y.), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq; R.M.K.F.), the Polish National Science Center (M.P.), the DFG Beethoven grant no. 2016/23/G/HS6/01775 (M.P.), the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (grant no. R010138018; N.A.C.), the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci{\'o}n y Universidades (grant no. PGC2018-098558-B-I00; J.A.H.), the Comunidad de Madrid (grant no. H2019/HUM-5705; J.A.H.), Teesside University (N.B.) and the Occidental College Academic Student Project Award (S.L.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. We also thank C. Scavo and A. Bidani for help with translating the study materials, L. Pullano and R. Giorgini for help with coding, and E. Tolomeo and L. Pane for help with data collection. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1038/s41562-022-01458-9",

language = "English",

volume = "6",

pages = "1731--1742",

journal = "Nature Human Behaviour",

issn = "2397-3374",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

number = "12",

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Coles, NA, March, DS, Marmolejo-Ramos, F, Larsen, JT, Arinze, NC, Ndukaihe, ILG, Willis, ML, Foroni, F, Reggev, N, Mokady, A, Forscher, PS, Hunter, JF, Kaminski, G, Yüvrük, E, Kapucu, A, Nagy, T, Hajdu, N, Tejada, J, Freitag, RMK, Zambrano, D, Som, B, Aczel, B, Barzykowski, K, Adamus, S, Filip, K, Yamada, Y, Ikeda, A, Eaves, DL, Levitan, CA, Leiweke, S, Parzuchowski, M, Butcher, N, Pfuhl, G, Basnight-Brown, DM, Hinojosa, JA, Montoro, PR, Javela D, LG, Vezirian, K, IJzerman, H, Trujillo, N, Pressman, SD, Gygax, PM, Özdoğru, AA, Ruiz-Fernandez, S, Ellsworth, PC, Gaertner, L, Strack, F, Marozzi, M & Liuzza, MT 2022, 'A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration', Nature Human Behaviour, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 1731-1742. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01458-9

TY - JOUR

T1 - A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration

AU - Coles, Nicholas A.

AU - March, David S.

AU - Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando

AU - Larsen, Jeff T.

AU - Arinze, Nwadiogo C.

AU - Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu L.G.

AU - Willis, Megan L.

AU - Foroni, Francesco

AU - Reggev, Niv

AU - Mokady, Aviv

AU - Forscher, Patrick S.

AU - Hunter, John F.

AU - Kaminski, Gwenaël

AU - Yüvrük, Elif

AU - Kapucu, Aycan

AU - Nagy, Tamás

AU - Hajdu, Nandor

AU - Tejada, Julian

AU - Freitag, Raquel M.K.

AU - Zambrano, Danilo

AU - Som, Bidisha

AU - Aczel, Balazs

AU - Barzykowski, Krystian

AU - Adamus, Sylwia

AU - Filip, Katarzyna

AU - Yamada, Yuki

AU - Ikeda, Ayumi

AU - Eaves, Daniel L.

AU - Levitan, Carmel A.

AU - Leiweke, Sydney

AU - Parzuchowski, Michal

AU - Butcher, Natalie

AU - Pfuhl, Gerit

AU - Basnight-Brown, Dana M.

AU - Hinojosa, José A.

AU - Montoro, Pedro R.

AU - Javela D, Lady G.

AU - Vezirian, Kevin

AU - IJzerman, Hans

AU - Trujillo, Natalia

AU - Pressman, Sarah D.

AU - Gygax, Pascal M.

AU - Özdoğru, Asil A.

AU - Ruiz-Fernandez, Susana

AU - Ellsworth, Phoebe C.

AU - Gaertner, Lowell

AU - Strack, Fritz

AU - Marozzi, Marco

AU - Liuzza, Marco Tullio

N1 - Funding Information: This work was financially supported by B. Stastny, who generously donated funds for this research in memory of his father, Bill Stastny (J.T.L.). The work was also supported by the National Science Centre, Poland (grant no. 2019/35/B/HS6/00528; K.B.), JSPS KAKENHI (grant nos 16H03079, 17H00875, 18K12015, 20H04581 and 21H03784; Y.Y.), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq; R.M.K.F.), the Polish National Science Center (M.P.), the DFG Beethoven grant no. 2016/23/G/HS6/01775 (M.P.), the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (grant no. R010138018; N.A.C.), the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (grant no. PGC2018-098558-B-I00; J.A.H.), the Comunidad de Madrid (grant no. H2019/HUM-5705; J.A.H.), Teesside University (N.B.) and the Occidental College Academic Student Project Award (S.L.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. We also thank C. Scavo and A. Bidani for help with translating the study materials, L. Pullano and R. Giorgini for help with coding, and E. Tolomeo and L. Pane for help with data collection. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

PY - 2022/12/1

Y1 - 2022/12/1

N2 - Following theories of emotional embodiment, the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that individuals’ subjective experiences of emotion are influenced by their facial expressions. However, evidence for this hypothesis has been mixed. We thus formed a global adversarial collaboration and carried out a preregistered, multicentre study designed to specify and test the conditions that should most reliably produce facial feedback effects. Data from n = 3,878 participants spanning 19 countries indicated that a facial mimicry and voluntary facial action task could both amplify and initiate feelings of happiness. However, evidence of facial feedback effects was less conclusive when facial feedback was manipulated unobtrusively via a pen-in-mouth task.

AB - Following theories of emotional embodiment, the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that individuals’ subjective experiences of emotion are influenced by their facial expressions. However, evidence for this hypothesis has been mixed. We thus formed a global adversarial collaboration and carried out a preregistered, multicentre study designed to specify and test the conditions that should most reliably produce facial feedback effects. Data from n = 3,878 participants spanning 19 countries indicated that a facial mimicry and voluntary facial action task could both amplify and initiate feelings of happiness. However, evidence of facial feedback effects was less conclusive when facial feedback was manipulated unobtrusively via a pen-in-mouth task.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140222223&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/s41562-022-01458-9

DO - 10.1038/s41562-022-01458-9

M3 - Article

C2 - 36266452

AN - SCOPUS:85140222223

VL - 6

SP - 1731

EP - 1742

JO - Nature Human Behaviour

JF - Nature Human Behaviour

SN - 2397-3374

IS - 12

ER -

A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration

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