Age- and Gender-Related Characteristics of Corneal Refractive Parameters in a Large Cohort Study

Purpose: To characterize age- and sex-related changes in corneal refractive parameters in myopic and hyperopic patients undergoing refractive surgery. Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: Analysis of demographic and refractive parameters of myopic and hyperopic patients who underwent laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) between January 2000 and December 2014 at the Care-Vision Laser Centers, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Results: A total of 62,422 eyes of 31,211 patients were included. With advancing age, refractive surgery was performed for lower magnitudes of myopia and hyperopia. The magnitude of cylinder was higher in men than in women in both myopic and hyperopic patients. In comparison, women were significantly more myopic than men (spherical equivalent of −3.73 diopter [D] versus −4.07 D; P < 0.01). The myopic group sphere (r = 0.044; P < 0.001) had a positive correlation with age, whereas other parameters had a negative correlation with age: astigmatism (r = −0.09; P < 0.001), best-correct visual acuity (BCVA) (r = −0.04; P < 0.001), flat K (r = −0.09; P < 0.001), steep K (r = −0.06; P < 0.001), average K (r = −0.07; P < 0.001), and J0 (r = −0.05; P < 0.001). For hyperopic patients, astigmatism (r = 0.35; P < 0.001), BCVA (r = 0.11; P < 0.001), flat K (r = 0.30; P < 0.001), average K (0.14; P < 0.001), and central corneal thickness (r = 0.10; P < 0.001) correlated positively with age, whereas sphere (r = −0.23; P < 0.001), J0 (r = −0.31; P < 0.001), and overall blurring strength (r = −0.31; P < 0.001) had negative correlations with age. Conclusions: This large cohort study shows age- and sex-related refractive parameters among myopic and hyperopic patients seeking refractive surgery. These parameters can explain and predict trends in patients attending refractive surgery.