TY - JOUR
T1 - Air pollution exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women in Massachusetts
T2 - A cohort study
AU - Fleisch, Abby F.
AU - Kloog, Itai
AU - Luttmann-Gibson, Heike
AU - Gold, Diane R.
AU - Oken, Emily
AU - Schwartz, Joel D.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Joseph Antonelli, Kevin Foster, Milton Kotelchuck, and Steven Melly, for helpful discussions. The authors have received support from the National Institutes of Health (K24HD069408, K12DK094721, K23ES024803, P30DK092924, ES000002), EPA grant RD834798, the Harvard School of Public Health, and the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Fleisch et al.
PY - 2016/2/24
Y1 - 2016/2/24
N2 - Background: Rodent and human studies suggest an association between air pollution exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the extent to which air pollution is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is less clear. Methods: We used the Massachusetts Registry of Vital Records to study primiparous women pregnant from 2003-2008 without pre-existing diabetes. We used satellite-based spatiotemporal models to estimate first and second trimester residential particulate (PM2.5) exposure and geographic information systems to estimate neighborhood traffic density. We obtained GDM status from birth records. We performed logistic regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographics on the full cohort and after stratification by maternal age and smoking habits. Results: Of 159,373 women, 5,381 (3.4 %) developed GDM. Residential PM2.5 exposure ranged 1.3-19.3 μg/m3 over the second trimester. None of the exposures were associated with GDM in the full cohort [e.g. OR 0.99 (95 % CI: 0.95, 1.03) for each interquartile range (IQR) increment in second trimester PM2.5]. There were also no consistent associations after stratification by smoking habits. When the cohort was stratified by maternal age, women less than 20 years had 1.36 higher odds of GDM (95 % CI: 1.08, 1.70) for each IQR increment in second trimester PM2.5 exposure. Conclusions: Although we found no evidence of an association between air pollution exposure and GDM among all women in our study, greater exposure to PM2.5 during the second trimester was associated with GDM in the youngest age stratum.
AB - Background: Rodent and human studies suggest an association between air pollution exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the extent to which air pollution is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is less clear. Methods: We used the Massachusetts Registry of Vital Records to study primiparous women pregnant from 2003-2008 without pre-existing diabetes. We used satellite-based spatiotemporal models to estimate first and second trimester residential particulate (PM2.5) exposure and geographic information systems to estimate neighborhood traffic density. We obtained GDM status from birth records. We performed logistic regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographics on the full cohort and after stratification by maternal age and smoking habits. Results: Of 159,373 women, 5,381 (3.4 %) developed GDM. Residential PM2.5 exposure ranged 1.3-19.3 μg/m3 over the second trimester. None of the exposures were associated with GDM in the full cohort [e.g. OR 0.99 (95 % CI: 0.95, 1.03) for each interquartile range (IQR) increment in second trimester PM2.5]. There were also no consistent associations after stratification by smoking habits. When the cohort was stratified by maternal age, women less than 20 years had 1.36 higher odds of GDM (95 % CI: 1.08, 1.70) for each IQR increment in second trimester PM2.5 exposure. Conclusions: Although we found no evidence of an association between air pollution exposure and GDM among all women in our study, greater exposure to PM2.5 during the second trimester was associated with GDM in the youngest age stratum.
KW - Air pollution
KW - Gestational diabetes
KW - PM
KW - Pregnancy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84977491746&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s12940-016-0121-4
DO - 10.1186/s12940-016-0121-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 26911579
AN - SCOPUS:84977491746
SN - 1476-069X
VL - 15
JO - Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source
JF - Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source
IS - 1
M1 - 121
ER -