All disease begins in the gut: Celiac disease co-existence with SLE

Background Case reports and case series have indicated a possible association between celiac disease (CD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but additional population-based studies are required. The true prevalence of CD in SLE patients is still unknown, but is indeed an important factor when considering the clinical implications, notably the necessity of screening strategies in SLE patients. Our objective was to investigate the association between CD and SLE using a community-based approach in a real-life population database. Methods Patients with SLE were compared with age- and sex-matched controls regarding the prevalence of CD in a case–control study. Chi-square and t-tests were used for univariate analysis and a logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. The study was performed utilizing the medical database of Clalit Health Services. Results The study included 5018 patients with SLE and 25,090 age- and sex-matched controls. The prevalence of CD was significantly higher in patients with SLE than in controls in univariate analysis (0.8% and 0.2%, respectively, p < 0.001). Also, SLE was associated with CD (OR 3.92, 95% CI 2.55–6.03, p < 0.001) in a multivariate logistic regression model. Conclusions Patients with SLE had a greater prevalence of CD than matched controls in a large case–control study. A complex combination of genetic, immunological and novel environmental factors may explain this positive association. Physicians should keep in mind that CD can be a tricky diagnosis in SLE patients, yet a treatable condition, probably more common in this population than we used to think.