TY - JOUR
T1 - Ambient Fine Particulate Matter, Outdoor Temperature, and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome.
AU - Wallwork, Rachel S.
AU - Colicino, Elena
AU - Zhong, Jia
AU - Kloog, Itai
AU - Coull, Brent A.
AU - Vokonas, Pantel
AU - Schwartz, Joel D.
AU - Baccarelli, Andrea A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved.
PY - 2017/1/1
Y1 - 2017/1/1
N2 - Ambient air pollution and temperature have been linked with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome and its components--abdominal obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose concentration, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia--predict cardiovascular disease, but the environmental causes are understudied. In this study, we prospectively examined the long-term associations of air pollution, defined as particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and temperature with the development of metabolic syndrome and its components. Using covariate-adjustment Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated associations of mean annual PM2.5 concentration and temperature with risk of incident metabolic dysfunctions between 1993 and 2011 in 587 elderly (mean = 70 (standard deviation, 7) years of age) male participants in the Normative Aging Study. A 1-µg/m³ increase in mean annual PM2.5 concentration was associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.52), an elevated fasting blood glucose level (HR= 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03,1.39), and hypertriglyceridemia (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00,1.30). Our findings for metabolic syndrome and high fasting blood glucose remained significant for PM2.5 levels below the Environmental Protection Agency's health-safety limit (12 µg/m³). A 1°C increase in mean annual temperature was associated with a higher risk of developing elevated fasting blood glucose (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.56). Men living in neighborhoods with worse air quality--with higher PM2.5 levels and/or temperatures than average--showed increased risk of developing metabolic dysfunctions.
AB - Ambient air pollution and temperature have been linked with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome and its components--abdominal obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose concentration, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia--predict cardiovascular disease, but the environmental causes are understudied. In this study, we prospectively examined the long-term associations of air pollution, defined as particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and temperature with the development of metabolic syndrome and its components. Using covariate-adjustment Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated associations of mean annual PM2.5 concentration and temperature with risk of incident metabolic dysfunctions between 1993 and 2011 in 587 elderly (mean = 70 (standard deviation, 7) years of age) male participants in the Normative Aging Study. A 1-µg/m³ increase in mean annual PM2.5 concentration was associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.52), an elevated fasting blood glucose level (HR= 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03,1.39), and hypertriglyceridemia (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00,1.30). Our findings for metabolic syndrome and high fasting blood glucose remained significant for PM2.5 levels below the Environmental Protection Agency's health-safety limit (12 µg/m³). A 1°C increase in mean annual temperature was associated with a higher risk of developing elevated fasting blood glucose (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.56). Men living in neighborhoods with worse air quality--with higher PM2.5 levels and/or temperatures than average--showed increased risk of developing metabolic dysfunctions.
KW - Air pollution
KW - Blood glucose
KW - High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
KW - Hypertension
KW - Metabolic syndrome
KW - Obesity
KW - Temperature
KW - Triglycerides
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85014802395&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/aje/kww157
DO - 10.1093/aje/kww157
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85014802395
SN - 0002-9262
VL - 185
SP - 30
EP - 39
JO - American Journal of Epidemiology
JF - American Journal of Epidemiology
IS - 1
ER -