Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop for about two thirds of the worlds’ population. Under stress conditions, the level of polyamines (PAs) biosynthesis in rice plants elevates. The ubiquitous PAs are involved in the regulation of plant development, physiological processes, and tolerance against diverse abiotic stresses. The two enzymes, viz. ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and arginine decarboxylase (ADC), initiate the synthesis of PAs. From the PA, putrescine (Put), enzymatic synthesis of another two PAs that is, spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) by Spm synthase and Spd synthase takes place. In rice plants, ADC mediated synthesis of Put, Spm, and Spd plays a crucial role in the amelioration of abiotic stress rather than the activity of ODC. The role of PAs in rice plants against drought stress, osmotic stress, and heat stress have been reported. The elevated level of PAs (Put, Spm, and Spd) is attributed to the ability of plants to counter stress by binding with the negative charged biomolecules that is, nucleic acids, proteins, and phospholipids in order to stabilize their structures under diverse abiotic stress conditions. The role of Spd and Put has been ascribed to heat tolerance through modulation of glutathione/GSSG, and fatty acid synthesis in order to recover from lipid peroxidation under oxidative stress in rice plants, respectively. The roles of PAs and the detailed mechanism of association with other metabolic pathways such as shikimate, phosphoenol pyruvate, Asada-Halliwell cycle, and nitrogen assimilation remains to be understood in detail.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Advances in Rice Research for Abiotic Stress Tolerance |
Publisher | Elsevier |
Pages | 725-735 |
Number of pages | 11 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9780128143322 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780128143339 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1 Jan 2018 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Abiotic stress
- Arsenic
- Glutathione
- Oryza sativa
- Polyamines
- Putrescine
- Spermidine
- Spermine
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
- General Business, Management and Accounting