An improved AB²C scheme for leakage power reduction in image sensors with on-chip memory

Static leakage power is the major component of power consumption in large arrays that operate at a low activity factor. "Smart" image sensors with advanced in-pixel functionality frequently include large on-chip memory arrays for storage of per-pixel data. These systems periodically transfer data from pixels to their corresponding memory bits in a serial access scheme with a relatively low activity factor. Recently, an Adaptive Bulk Biasing Control (AB²C) Scheme for leakage reduction in image sensors was presented. In this paper, we introduce an improved AB²C scheme that expands the functionality for on-chip memory leakage reduction, in addition to that of the image sensor. In the proposed system, a symmetric voltage distribution is applied around the active row, providing reverse body biasing on deactivated rows to reduce leakage. A test case circuit was implemented in a standard 90nm TSMC process is presented, showing a static power reduction of 26%.