Analyzing the likelihood of OAM mode energy transfer in turbulent environments with stochastic C_n²

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a crucial property of electromagnetic waves used in various applications such as free space communication, light detection and ranging, and remote sensing. However, turbulence can disrupt OAM-based systems by causing energy transfer between OAM modes, significantly impacting emerging fields in the optical spectrum. While traditional analyses assumed a constant turbulence parameter (C_n²), recent research highlights its stochastic nature in specific scenarios. Our study introduces a new model that considers the stochastic nature of C_n². By incorporating this characteristic, our approach provides better predictions of system performance and valuable insights for accurately characterizing and designing communication and remote sensing systems in weak turbulent environments, enhancing their reliability and efficiency.