TY - JOUR
T1 - Appraisal of water quality in the Lakes of Nainital District through numerical indices and multivariate statistics, India
AU - Dalakoti, Hitesh
AU - Mishra, Saurabh
AU - Chaudhary, Mohit
AU - Singal, S. K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research.
PY - 2018/4/3
Y1 - 2018/4/3
N2 - Nainital district is naturally gifted with numbers of natural water bodies. Among these water bodies, the four lakes (Nainital, Bhimtal, Naukuchiatal and Sattal) are the major source of freshwater for the local inhabitants and industries situated in surrounding area. However, the lakes receive an enormous amount of untreated wastewater which imbalances the nutrients concentration in lake water. Therefore, the present study is focused to assess the water quality using water quality indices (NSFWQI, CPI and HPI) based on the concentration of parameters (like DO, BOD, heavy metals, etc.) in the lakes. The envirometric applications (HCA and PCA) were also used to identify the similarity in pollution load at sampling locations and the source of factor responsible for pollution in the lakes. The water samples were collected in pre- and post-monsoon months in the year 2014–2015, from 12 sampling locations. The results indicate that the water quality of lakes is unsuitable for drinking, as the average CPI was 0.90 and 0.88 in Bhimtal Lake, 1.42 and 1.43 in Nainital Lake, 1.19 and 1.27 in Naukuchiatal Lake, 1.46 and 1.42 in Sattal Lake in pre- and post-monsoon months, respectively. The HPI was found more in Nainital Lake than in rest other three lakes, while risk assessment index (RAI) was found in range RAI > 1 in the four lakes. HCA gained two clusters and PCA gained two PCs, which indicate the impact of both anthropogenic and natural sources for deterioration of water quality. Therefore, it has been suggested that the lake water must be treated before used for drinking.
AB - Nainital district is naturally gifted with numbers of natural water bodies. Among these water bodies, the four lakes (Nainital, Bhimtal, Naukuchiatal and Sattal) are the major source of freshwater for the local inhabitants and industries situated in surrounding area. However, the lakes receive an enormous amount of untreated wastewater which imbalances the nutrients concentration in lake water. Therefore, the present study is focused to assess the water quality using water quality indices (NSFWQI, CPI and HPI) based on the concentration of parameters (like DO, BOD, heavy metals, etc.) in the lakes. The envirometric applications (HCA and PCA) were also used to identify the similarity in pollution load at sampling locations and the source of factor responsible for pollution in the lakes. The water samples were collected in pre- and post-monsoon months in the year 2014–2015, from 12 sampling locations. The results indicate that the water quality of lakes is unsuitable for drinking, as the average CPI was 0.90 and 0.88 in Bhimtal Lake, 1.42 and 1.43 in Nainital Lake, 1.19 and 1.27 in Naukuchiatal Lake, 1.46 and 1.42 in Sattal Lake in pre- and post-monsoon months, respectively. The HPI was found more in Nainital Lake than in rest other three lakes, while risk assessment index (RAI) was found in range RAI > 1 in the four lakes. HCA gained two clusters and PCA gained two PCs, which indicate the impact of both anthropogenic and natural sources for deterioration of water quality. Therefore, it has been suggested that the lake water must be treated before used for drinking.
KW - Bhimtal lake
KW - Nainital lake
KW - Naukuchiatal lake
KW - Sattal lake
KW - water quality
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85033707123&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/15715124.2017.1394316
DO - 10.1080/15715124.2017.1394316
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85033707123
SN - 1571-5124
VL - 16
SP - 219
EP - 229
JO - International Journal of River Basin Management
JF - International Journal of River Basin Management
IS - 2
ER -