Approximating Fair Clustering with Cascaded Norm Objectives

We introduce the (p, q)-Fair Clustering problem. In this problem, we are given a set of points P and a collection of different weight functions W. We would like to find a clustering which minimizes the ℓq-norm of the vector over W of the ℓp-norms of the weighted distances of points in P from the centers. This generalizes various clustering problems, including Socially Fair k-Median and k-Means, and is closely connected to other problems such as Densest k-Subgraph and Min k-Union. We utilize convex programming techniques to approximate the (p, q)-Fair Clustering problem for different values of p and q. When p ≥ q, we get an O(k(p-q)/(2pq)), which nearly matches a kΩ((p-q)/(pq)) lower bound based on conjectured hardness of Min k-Union and other problems.