Awake craniotomy for the resection of a Broca-sited cerebral cavernous malformation with a developmental venous anomaly using near-infrared indocyanine green video angiography

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are known to be angiographically occult malformations with low perfusion of blood flow.⁵ Near-infrared indocyanine green (ICG) video angiography allows for intraoperative observation and documentation of blood flow in large and small vessels.^2,4 Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are thought to be the most common cerebral vascular abnormality.^2,3 The op-portunity to differentiate intraoperatively between normal veins and DVA draining veins might be useful in the event of a pos-sible venous sacrifice. Coagulation of the DVA can lead to devastating consequences. ICG reliably demonstrates margins between CCM and the venous structures.^1,2 For these reasons, we decided to use ICG video angiography in this patient. The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/9MONn0GkO4U.