TY - JOUR
T1 - Bioinspired Hierarchical Porous Structures for Engineering Advanced Functional Inorganic Materials
AU - Diab, Mahmud
AU - Mokari, Taleb
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Prof. Sigal Abramovich and Prof. Uri Abdu for helpful discussion. M.D. also acknowledges a Ministry of Science, Technology and Space scholarship.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
PY - 2018/10/11
Y1 - 2018/10/11
N2 - Tremendous efforts have been directed at designing functional and well-defined 3D structures in recent decades. Many approaches have been devised and are currently used to create 3D structures, including lithography, 3D printing, assembly, and template-mediated (natural or synthetic) methods. Natural scaffolds offer some unique traits, as compared to their artificial counterparts, presenting highly ordered, porous, identical, abundant, and diverse structures. Various organisms, such as viruses, bacteria, diatoms, foraminifera, and others, are used as templates to form 3D structures. Herein, advancements made in using the shell of marine microorganisms, diatoms, and foraminifera, as scaffolds for designing functional 3D structures are reported. Furthermore, a succinct overview of various synthetic methods used to coat these scaffolds with inorganic materials (i.e., metals, metal oxides, and metal sulfides) is provided. Finally, the use of such fabricated functional 3D structures in a wide range of applications, such as catalysis, sensing, drug delivery, photo-electrochemical uses, batteries, and others, is considered.
AB - Tremendous efforts have been directed at designing functional and well-defined 3D structures in recent decades. Many approaches have been devised and are currently used to create 3D structures, including lithography, 3D printing, assembly, and template-mediated (natural or synthetic) methods. Natural scaffolds offer some unique traits, as compared to their artificial counterparts, presenting highly ordered, porous, identical, abundant, and diverse structures. Various organisms, such as viruses, bacteria, diatoms, foraminifera, and others, are used as templates to form 3D structures. Herein, advancements made in using the shell of marine microorganisms, diatoms, and foraminifera, as scaffolds for designing functional 3D structures are reported. Furthermore, a succinct overview of various synthetic methods used to coat these scaffolds with inorganic materials (i.e., metals, metal oxides, and metal sulfides) is provided. Finally, the use of such fabricated functional 3D structures in a wide range of applications, such as catalysis, sensing, drug delivery, photo-electrochemical uses, batteries, and others, is considered.
KW - 3D structures
KW - diatoms
KW - foraminifera
KW - inorganic nanomaterials
KW - microorganism scaffolds
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054442097&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/adma.201706349
DO - 10.1002/adma.201706349
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29923350
AN - SCOPUS:85054442097
SN - 0935-9648
VL - 30
JO - Advanced Materials
JF - Advanced Materials
IS - 41
M1 - 1706349
ER -