Can Intra-Operative Cell Salvage Reduce the Rate of Allogeneic Transfusion in Pediatric Spinal Deformity Surgery?

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterize the association between cell-salvage and allogeneic transfusion rate in pediatric patients undergoing posterior arthrodesis for scoliosis. Methods: NSQIP Pediatric database years 2016-2022 was used. Patients under the age of 18 who received posterior arthrodesis with 7 or more surgical levels for spinal deformity correction were included. Rates of cell-salvage and allogeneic transfusion were determined. We assessed the impact of cell-salvage on the rate of allogeneic transfusion using chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression. Results: There were 34,241 patients in this study. The rate of allogeneic transfusion was 21.6% (n = 7407). The allogeneic transfusion rates for idiopathic, neuromuscular, and congenital/syndromic scoliosis were 12.3%, 50.8%, and 25.9%, respectively. Cell-salvage was used in 71.1% of patients (n = 24,344). In the multivariable regression analysis, longer operative time (P <.001), non-idiopathic scoliosis (P <.001), hematocrit less than 35 (P <.001), and ≥13 surgical levels (P <.001) were associated with higher odds of allogeneic transfusion. Use of cell-salvage (P <.001), increasing age (P <.001), and increasing patient weight (P <.001) were associated with significantly lower odds of allogeneic transfusion. In a subanalysis, use of cell-salvage was associated with reduced rate of allogeneic transfusion in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Cell-salvage was not associated with reduced rates of allogeneic transfusion in neuromuscular and congenital/syndromic scoliosis. Conclusion: This is the largest study investigating the impact of cell-salvage on rate of allogeneic transfusion in pediatric spinal deformity surgery. Use of cell-salvage is associated with reduced allogeneic transfusion rates in idiopathic scoliosis surgery.