@article{73fddad53b114fda98c4ee047dafbab3,
title = "Carbamazepine Removal by Clay-Based Materials Using Adsorption and Photodegradation",
abstract = "Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the most common emerging contaminants released to the aquatic environment through domestic and pharmaceutical wastewater. Due to its high persistence through conventional degradation treatments, CBZ is considered a typical indicator for anthropogenic activities. This study tested the removal of CBZ through two different clay-based purification tech-niques: adsorption of relatively large concentrations (20–500 µmol L−1 ) and photocatalysis of lower concentrations (<20 µmol L−1 ). The sorption mechanism was examined by FTIR measurements, exchangeable cations released, and colloidal charge of the adsorbing clay materials. Photocatalysis was performed in batch experiments under various conditions. Despite the neutral charge of carba-mazepine, the highest adsorption was observed on negatively charged montmorillonite-based clays. Desorption tests indicate that adsorbed CBZ is not released by washing. The adsorption/desorption processes were confirmed by ATR-FTIR analysis of the clay-CBZ particles. A combination of synthetic montmorillonite or hectorite with low H2O2 concentrations under UVC irradiation exhibits efficient homo-heterogeneous photodegradation at µM CBZ levels. The two techniques presented in this study suggest solutions for both industrial and municipal wastewater, possibly enabling water reuse.",
keywords = "adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, carbamazepine, clay minerals, organoclays, photocatalysis, water reuse",
author = "Ilil Levakov and Yuval Shahar and Giora Rytwo",
note = "Funding Information: This research was partially funded by CSO-MOH (Israeli Ministry of Health), in the frame of the collaborative international consortium (REWA) financed under the 2020 AquaticPollutants Joint call of the AquaticPollutants ERA-NET Cofund (GA Nº 869178).Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank the European Commission and AKA (Finland), CSO-MOH (Israel), IFD (Denmark) and WRC (South Africa) for funding in the frame REWA international consortium (additional details in “funding” paragraph). REWA is an integral part of the activities developed by the Water, Oceans and AMR JPIs. The authors are also thankful to Chen Barak for all the technical support, Sara Azerrad (from the Shamir Research Institute) for the HPLC confirmation measurements, and the whole team of the Hydrogeology and Examination of Soil Fertility Lab at MIGAL Research Institute. Funding Information: Funding: This research was partially funded by CSO-MOH (Israeli Ministry of Health), in the frame of the collaborative international consortium (REWA) financed under the 2020 AquaticPollutants Joint call of the AquaticPollutants ERA-NET Cofund (GA Nº 869178). Funding Information: Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank the European Commission and AKA (Finland), CSO-MOH (Israel), IFD (Denmark) and WRC (South Africa) for funding in the frame REWA international consortium (additional details in “funding” paragraph). REWA is an integral part of the activities developed by the Water, Oceans and AMR JPIs. The authors are also thankful to Chen Barak for all the technical support, Sara Azerrad (from the Shamir Research Institute) for the HPLC confirmation measurements, and the whole team of the Hydrogeology and Examination of Soil Fertility Lab at MIGAL Research Institute. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2022",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3390/w14132047",
language = "English",
volume = "14",
journal = "Water (Switzerland)",
issn = "2073-4441",
publisher = "MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute",
number = "13",
}