TY - JOUR
T1 - Chloroplast phylogeny and phylogeography of Stellera chamaejasme on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and in adjacent regions
AU - Zhang, Yong Hong
AU - Volis, Sergei
AU - Sun, Hang
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful to Jipei Yue, Jiahui Chen and Ticao Zhang of Kunming Institute of Botany for their help in collecting plant material of S. chamaejasme. We thank Dr. David Galicai-Herbada of Autonomous University of Madrid for kindly presenting three specimens of Thymelaea for our study. Two DNA samples, D. mezereum and T. sanamunda, were obtained from the DNA Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, with the help of Proff. Mark W. Chase and Edith Kapinos. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 30625004 40930209 to Dr. Sun Hang), the Key Project of the Yunnan Natural Science Foundation ( 2008CC013 to Sun Hang) and Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-YW-Z-1019 to Sun).
PY - 2010/12/1
Y1 - 2010/12/1
N2 - Historic events such as the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Q-T Plateau) and climatic oscillations in the Quaternary period greatly affected the evolution and modern distribution of Sino-Tibetan flora. Stellera chamaejasme, a perennial herb with flower color polymorphism that is distributed from the mountainous southeastern Q-T Plateau (Hengduan Mountains, H-D Mountains) to the vast platform of the Q-T Plateau and the adjacent plain of northern China, provides an excellent model to explore the effects of historic events on the origination and variation of species. In this study, we conducted a phylogenetic and phylogeographical study using three chloroplast sequences (trnT-L, trnL-F and rpL16) in 26 populations of S. chamaejasme and 12 outgroups from the Thymeleaceae. Phylogenetic analysis and molecular clock estimation revealed that the monophyletic origin of S. chamaejasme occurred ca. 6.5892Ma, which is consistent with the radical environment changes caused by the rapid uplift of the Q-T Plateau ca. 7Ma. Intra-specific differentiation of S. chamaejasme is estimated to have occurred after ca. 2.1Ma. Twelve haplotypes were revealed from combined trnL-F and rpL16 sequences. High genetic diversity (hT=0.834) and population differentiation (NST=0.997 and GST=0.982) imply restricted gene flow among populations and significant geographical or environmental isolation. All populations from the vast plain of northern China were dominated by one haplotype (H1), and the same haplotype was fixed in most populations from the high elevation platform of the western and northern Q-T Plateau. In contrast, the majority of the haplotypes were found in the relatively narrow area of the H-D Mountains, in the southeastern distribution of S. chamaejasme. The contrasting haplotype distribution patterns suggested that the H-D Mountains were either a refugium for S. chamaejasme during the Quaternary climatic oscillations or a diversification center of this species. The present wide distribution of this species on the Q-T Plateau platform and in northern China is likely to have resulted from a rapid post-glacial population expansion from the southeastern refugium involving founder effects, facilitated by the adjacent geographic range with a similar grassland habitat.
AB - Historic events such as the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Q-T Plateau) and climatic oscillations in the Quaternary period greatly affected the evolution and modern distribution of Sino-Tibetan flora. Stellera chamaejasme, a perennial herb with flower color polymorphism that is distributed from the mountainous southeastern Q-T Plateau (Hengduan Mountains, H-D Mountains) to the vast platform of the Q-T Plateau and the adjacent plain of northern China, provides an excellent model to explore the effects of historic events on the origination and variation of species. In this study, we conducted a phylogenetic and phylogeographical study using three chloroplast sequences (trnT-L, trnL-F and rpL16) in 26 populations of S. chamaejasme and 12 outgroups from the Thymeleaceae. Phylogenetic analysis and molecular clock estimation revealed that the monophyletic origin of S. chamaejasme occurred ca. 6.5892Ma, which is consistent with the radical environment changes caused by the rapid uplift of the Q-T Plateau ca. 7Ma. Intra-specific differentiation of S. chamaejasme is estimated to have occurred after ca. 2.1Ma. Twelve haplotypes were revealed from combined trnL-F and rpL16 sequences. High genetic diversity (hT=0.834) and population differentiation (NST=0.997 and GST=0.982) imply restricted gene flow among populations and significant geographical or environmental isolation. All populations from the vast plain of northern China were dominated by one haplotype (H1), and the same haplotype was fixed in most populations from the high elevation platform of the western and northern Q-T Plateau. In contrast, the majority of the haplotypes were found in the relatively narrow area of the H-D Mountains, in the southeastern distribution of S. chamaejasme. The contrasting haplotype distribution patterns suggested that the H-D Mountains were either a refugium for S. chamaejasme during the Quaternary climatic oscillations or a diversification center of this species. The present wide distribution of this species on the Q-T Plateau platform and in northern China is likely to have resulted from a rapid post-glacial population expansion from the southeastern refugium involving founder effects, facilitated by the adjacent geographic range with a similar grassland habitat.
KW - Phylogeny
KW - Phylogeography
KW - Post-glacial expansion
KW - Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
KW - Refugium
KW - Stellera chamaejasme
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=78649683028&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.033
DO - 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.033
M3 - Article
C2 - 20828627
AN - SCOPUS:78649683028
SN - 1055-7903
VL - 57
SP - 1162
EP - 1172
JO - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
JF - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
IS - 3
ER -