Conventional and Emerging Diagnostic Approaches for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Kathelina Kristollari, Abraham Abbey Paul, Sagi Angel, Robert S. Marks

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is among the most prevalent endocrine cancers. The diagnosis of DTC has witnessed tremendous progress in terms of technological advancement and clinical operational guidelines. DTC diagnostics have evolved significantly over centuries, from early clinical examinations to modern molecular testing and imaging modalities. The diagnosis and management of DTC are currently dependent on the international histological classification and identification of specific genetic abnormalities in tumor tissue, as well as the prognostic implications that can inform treatment decisions. This study goes down the memory lanes of various diagnostic methods for DTCs, highlighting recent advancements in molecular testing and point-of-care (POC) technology. Beginning with conventional methods like fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and ultrasound (US) and moving to contemporary innovative approaches such as POC-thyroglobulin (POC-Tg) and liquid biopsy, this review showcases the current trends in DTC diagnostics. Although considerable progress has been achieved in early malignancy detection, patient stratification, prognosis, and personalized treatment, there is a need to refine the mainstay diagnostic procedures. Finally, future perspectives were provided, and emerging roles of artificial intelligence in DTC diagnostics were explored.

Original languageEnglish
Article number229
JournalChemosensors
Volume12
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Nov 2024

Keywords

  • biomarkers
  • diagnostics
  • differentiated thyroid carcinoma
  • point-of-care testing

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

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