@article{7e3db96bbcd64a4f8538bdcd70ea684e,
title = "Cooperation and the in-group-out-group bias: A field test on Israeli kibbutz members and city residents",
abstract = "The in-group-out-group bias is among the most widely documented and analyzed phenomenon in the social sciences. We conduct field experiments to test whether the bias extends to the cooperative behavior of one of the most successful modern collectives, the Israeli kibbutz. Despite their promise as universal cooperators, kibbutz members are more cooperative toward anonymous kibbutz members than they are toward anonymous city residents. In fact, when paired with city residents, kibbutz members' observed levels of cooperation are identical to those of city residents. Moreover, self-selection rather than kibbutz socialization largely accounts for the extent to which kibbutz members are cooperative.",
keywords = "Cooperation, Field experiment, In-group-out-group bias, Kibbutz, Self-selection, Socialization",
author = "Ruffle, {Bradley J.} and Richard Sosis",
note = "Funding Information: We wish to thank Suleiman Abubader, Eli Avrahami, Ted Bergstrom, Jeffrey Carpenter, Jeremy Clark, Rachel Croson, Guillaume Frechette, Yaakov Gilboa, Todd Kaplan, David Reiley, Moshe Schwartz, Robert Slonim, Orit Tykocinski, an anonymous referee of this journal and seminar participants in the Behavioral Decision-Making Forum at Ben-Gurion University and the 2002 AEA meetings in Atlanta for valuable comments. Our team of experimenters deserves special thanks: David Amar, Yifat Arbeli, Guy Attias, Inbar Avraham, Revital Chapani, Moti Dahan, Gil Eichholz, Sarit Fhima, Hagit Gilad, Tsahi Hasday, Avi Levy, Ronen Matmon, Hila Moshkovits, Limor Polak, Tata Pyatigorsky-Ruffle, Ze{\textquoteright}ev Shtudiner, Amihai Toledano and Limor Zahavi. We also thank the kibbutz movements for their cooperation and Yad Tabenkin for agreeing to provide economic data. This version of the paper was completed during Ruffle's sabbatical at the Harvard Business School. He thanks them and Alvin Roth in particular for their hospitality and support. Funding for this project has been provided by grants from the Binational Science Foundation, the Pinhas Sapir Center for Development, the Ushi Friedman Foundation and the University of Connecticut Large Faculty Grants. ",
year = "2006",
month = jun,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.jebo.2004.07.007",
language = "English",
volume = "60",
pages = "147--163",
journal = "Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization",
issn = "0167-2681",
publisher = "Elsevier",
number = "2",
}