TY - JOUR
T1 - Definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity
T2 - ESPEN and EASO consensus statement
AU - Donini, Lorenzo M.
AU - Busetto, Luca
AU - Bischoff, Stephan C.
AU - Cederholm, Tommy
AU - Ballesteros-Pomar, Maria D.
AU - Batsis, John A.
AU - Bauer, Juergen M.
AU - Boirie, Yves
AU - Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J.
AU - Dicker, Dror
AU - Frara, Stefano
AU - Frühbeck, Gema
AU - Genton, Laurence
AU - Gepner, Yftach
AU - Giustina, Andrea
AU - Gonzalez, Maria Cristina
AU - Han, Ho Seong
AU - Heymsfield, Steven B.
AU - Higashiguchi, Takashi
AU - Laviano, Alessandro
AU - Lenzi, Andrea
AU - Nyulasi, Ibolya
AU - Parrinello, Edda
AU - Poggiogalle, Eleonora
AU - Prado, Carla M.
AU - Salvador, Javier
AU - Rolland, Yves
AU - Santini, Ferruccio
AU - Serlie, Mireille J.
AU - Shi, Hanping
AU - Sieber, Cornel C.
AU - Siervo, Mario
AU - Vettor, Roberto
AU - Villareal, Dennis T.
AU - Volkert, Dorothee
AU - Yu, Jianchun
AU - Zamboni, Mauro
AU - Barazzoni, Rocco
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s)
PY - 2022/4/1
Y1 - 2022/4/1
N2 - Introduction: Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) is common in individuals with obesity due to metabolic changes associated with a sedentary lifestyle, adipose tissue derangements, comorbidities (acute and chronic diseases), and during the ageing process. Co-existence of excess adiposity and low muscle mass/function is referred to as sarcopenic obesity (SO), a condition increasingly recognized for its clinical and functional features that negatively influence important patient-centred outcomes. Effective prevention and treatment strategies for SO are urgently needed, but efforts are hampered by the lack of an universally established SO Definition and diagnostic criteria. Resulting inconsistencies in the literature also negatively affect the ability to define prevalence as well as clinical relevance of SO for negative health outcomes. Aims and methods: The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) launched an initiative to reach expert consensus on a Definition and diagnostic criteria for SO. The jointly appointed international expert panel proposes that SO is defined as the co-existence of excess adiposity and low muscle mass/function. The diagnosis of SO should be considered in at-risk individuals who screen positive for a co-occurring elevated body mass index or waist circumference, and markers of low skeletal muscle mass and function (risk factors, clinical symptoms, or validated questionnaires). Diagnostic procedures should initially include assessment of skeletal muscle function, followed by assessment of body composition where presence of excess adiposity and low skeletal muscle mass or related body compartments confirm the diagnosis of SO. Individuals with SO should be further stratified into Stage I in the absence of clinical complications, or Stage II if cases are associated with complications linked to altered body composition or skeletal muscle dysfunction. Conclusions: ESPEN and EASO, as well as the expert international panel, advocate that the proposed SO Definition and diagnostic criteria be implemented into routine clinical practice. The panel also encourages prospective studies in addition to secondary analysis of existing datasets, to study the predictive value, treatment efficacy, and clinical impact of this SO definition.
AB - Introduction: Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) is common in individuals with obesity due to metabolic changes associated with a sedentary lifestyle, adipose tissue derangements, comorbidities (acute and chronic diseases), and during the ageing process. Co-existence of excess adiposity and low muscle mass/function is referred to as sarcopenic obesity (SO), a condition increasingly recognized for its clinical and functional features that negatively influence important patient-centred outcomes. Effective prevention and treatment strategies for SO are urgently needed, but efforts are hampered by the lack of an universally established SO Definition and diagnostic criteria. Resulting inconsistencies in the literature also negatively affect the ability to define prevalence as well as clinical relevance of SO for negative health outcomes. Aims and methods: The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) launched an initiative to reach expert consensus on a Definition and diagnostic criteria for SO. The jointly appointed international expert panel proposes that SO is defined as the co-existence of excess adiposity and low muscle mass/function. The diagnosis of SO should be considered in at-risk individuals who screen positive for a co-occurring elevated body mass index or waist circumference, and markers of low skeletal muscle mass and function (risk factors, clinical symptoms, or validated questionnaires). Diagnostic procedures should initially include assessment of skeletal muscle function, followed by assessment of body composition where presence of excess adiposity and low skeletal muscle mass or related body compartments confirm the diagnosis of SO. Individuals with SO should be further stratified into Stage I in the absence of clinical complications, or Stage II if cases are associated with complications linked to altered body composition or skeletal muscle dysfunction. Conclusions: ESPEN and EASO, as well as the expert international panel, advocate that the proposed SO Definition and diagnostic criteria be implemented into routine clinical practice. The panel also encourages prospective studies in addition to secondary analysis of existing datasets, to study the predictive value, treatment efficacy, and clinical impact of this SO definition.
KW - Obesity
KW - Sarcopenia
KW - Sarcopenic obesity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85125294504&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.014
DO - 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.014
M3 - Article
C2 - 35196654
AN - SCOPUS:85125294504
SN - 0261-5614
VL - 41
SP - 990
EP - 1000
JO - Clinical Nutrition
JF - Clinical Nutrition
IS - 4
ER -
