Delamination of Perovskite Solar Cells in Thermal Cycling and Outdoor Tests

Ulas Erdil, Mark Khenkin, Wander Max Bernardes de Araujo, Quiterie Emery, Iver Lauermann, Vasiliki Paraskeva, Matthew Norton, Sudhakar Vediappan, D. Kishore Kumar, Ritesh Kant Gupta, Iris Visoly-Fisher, Maria Hadjipanayi, George E. Georghiou, Rutger Schlatmann, Antonio Abate, Eugene A. Katz, Carolin Ulbrich

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

For the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), detection of associated degradation mechanisms and mitigation of their effect is of paramount importance. The former requires outdoor and indoor stability tests to detect these mechanisms under real operation conditions and to accelerate them under controlled environments. Herein, the thermomechanical stability of encapsulated PSCs in outdoor tests at three locations coupled with indoor thermal cycling tests is investigated. Results show that encapsulant-induced partial delamination can occur in outdoor and indoor tests, leading to disruption in device integrity and substantial loss in the cell active area and short-circuit current. The findings suggest that delamination involves C60 and SnO2 layers as the mechanically weakest point in the device stack. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first demonstration of delamination in encapsulated PSCs under real operation conditions. While partial delamination emerged on some of the cells exposed in Israel and Cyprus in just a few weeks, it did not occur in Germany over 2.5 years of outdoor exposure. This highlights the importance of multiclimate outdoor testing to validate the significance of failure modes observed through accelerated indoor testing.

Original languageEnglish
JournalEnergy Technology
DOIs
StateAccepted/In press - 1 Jan 2024

Keywords

  • delaminations
  • encapsulations
  • outdoors
  • perovskite solar cells stabilities
  • thermal cycling

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Energy

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