Distillery wastewater detoxification and management through phytoremediation employing Ricinus communis L.

This study aimed to assess the phytoremediation potential of Ricinus communis L. for heavy metals remediation via rhizospheric bacterial activities for distillery wastewater detoxification and management. Results revealed that distillery wastewater contained high levels of metals and other physico-chemical pollution parameters that could cause environmental pollution and aquatic toxicity. The identified bacterium produced several plant growth-promoting compounds including siderophores, ligninolytic enzymes, and indole acetic acid that resulted in nutrient enhancement and improved mineralization of metals in the plants during stress conditions. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of all the metals examined were > 1, which showed that these metals are accumulating in the root, shoot, and leaves of Ricinus communis L. Most of the metals are stablised in the roots but Pb, Cd and Zn were translocated more to the shoorts (TC>1). The ability of Ricinus communis L. to grow in metals-containing distillery wastewater and reduce heavy metals and organic contaminants suggests that it can be used to provide an effective treatment of distillery wastewater. The use of Ricinus communis L. is an eco-friendly tool for the reduction of organometallic contamination and protecting agricultural land.