TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of Atmospheric Aging on Soot Particle Toxicity in Lung Cell Models at the Air-Liquid Interface
T2 - Differential Toxicological Impacts of Biogenic and Anthropogenic Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOAs)
AU - Offer, Svenja
AU - Hartner, Elena
AU - Di Bucchianico, Sebastiano
AU - Bisig, Christoph
AU - Bauer, Stefanie
AU - Pantzke, Jana
AU - Zimmermann, Elias J.
AU - Cao, Xin
AU - Binder, Stefanie
AU - Kuhn, Evelyn
AU - Huber, Anja
AU - Jeong, Seongho
AU - Käfer, Uwe
AU - Martens, Patrick
AU - Mesceriakovas, Arunas
AU - Bendl, Jan
AU - Brejcha, Ramona
AU - Buchholz, Angela
AU - Gat, Daniella
AU - Hohaus, Thorsten
AU - Rastak, Narges
AU - Jakobi, Gert
AU - Kalberer, Markus
AU - Kanashova, Tamara
AU - Hu, Yue
AU - Ogris, Christoph
AU - Marsico, Annalisa
AU - Theis, Fabian
AU - Pardo, Michal
AU - Gröger, Thomas
AU - Oeder, Sebastian
AU - Orasche, Jürgen
AU - Paul, Andreas
AU - Ziehm, Till
AU - Zhang, Zhi Hui
AU - Adam, Thomas
AU - Sippula, Olli
AU - Sklorz, Martin
AU - Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen
AU - Czech, Hendryk
AU - Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid
AU - Rudich, Yinon
AU - Zimmermann, Ralf
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, Public Health Services, US Dept of Health and Human Services. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/2/1
Y1 - 2022/2/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed from anthropogenic or biogenic gaseous precursors in the atmosphere substantially contribute to the ambient fine particulate matter [PM≤2:5 lm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2:5)] burden, which has been associated with adverse human health effects. However, there is only limited evidence on their differential toxicological impact. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to discriminate toxicological effects of aerosols generated by atmospheric aging on combustion soot particles (SPs) of gaseous biogenic (b-pinene) or anthropogenic (naphthalene) precursors in two different lung cell models exposed at the air-liquid interface (ALI). METHODS: Mono-or cocultures of lung epithelial cells (A549) and endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were exposed at the ALI for 4 h to different aerosol concentrations of a photochemically aged mixture of primary combustion SP and b-pinene (SOAbPIN-SP) or naphthalene (SOANAP-SP). The internally mixed soot/SOA particles were comprehensively characterized in terms of their physical and chemical properties. We conducted toxicity tests to determine cytotoxicity, intracellular oxidative stress, primary and secondary genotoxicity, as well as inflammatory and angiogenic effects. RESULTS: We observed considerable toxicity-related outcomes in cells treated with either SOA type. Greater adverse effects were measured for SOANAP-SP compared with SOAbPIN-SP in both cell models, whereas the nano-sized soot cores alone showed only minor effects. At the functional level, we found that SOANAP-SP augmented the secretion of malondialdehyde and interleukin-8 and may have induced the activation of endothelial cells in the coculture system. This activation was confirmed by comet assay, suggesting secondary genotoxicity and greater angiogenic potential. Chemical characterization of PM revealed distinct qualitative differences in the composition of the two secondary aerosol types. DISCUSSION: In this study using A549 and EA.hy926 cells exposed at ALI, SOA compounds had greater toxicity than primary SPs. Photochemical aging of naphthalene was associated with the formation of more oxidized, more aromatic SOAs with a higher oxidative potential and toxicity compared with b-pinene. Thus, we conclude that the influence of atmospheric chemistry on the chemical PM composition plays a crucial role for the adverse health outcome of emissions.
AB - BACKGROUND: Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed from anthropogenic or biogenic gaseous precursors in the atmosphere substantially contribute to the ambient fine particulate matter [PM≤2:5 lm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2:5)] burden, which has been associated with adverse human health effects. However, there is only limited evidence on their differential toxicological impact. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to discriminate toxicological effects of aerosols generated by atmospheric aging on combustion soot particles (SPs) of gaseous biogenic (b-pinene) or anthropogenic (naphthalene) precursors in two different lung cell models exposed at the air-liquid interface (ALI). METHODS: Mono-or cocultures of lung epithelial cells (A549) and endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were exposed at the ALI for 4 h to different aerosol concentrations of a photochemically aged mixture of primary combustion SP and b-pinene (SOAbPIN-SP) or naphthalene (SOANAP-SP). The internally mixed soot/SOA particles were comprehensively characterized in terms of their physical and chemical properties. We conducted toxicity tests to determine cytotoxicity, intracellular oxidative stress, primary and secondary genotoxicity, as well as inflammatory and angiogenic effects. RESULTS: We observed considerable toxicity-related outcomes in cells treated with either SOA type. Greater adverse effects were measured for SOANAP-SP compared with SOAbPIN-SP in both cell models, whereas the nano-sized soot cores alone showed only minor effects. At the functional level, we found that SOANAP-SP augmented the secretion of malondialdehyde and interleukin-8 and may have induced the activation of endothelial cells in the coculture system. This activation was confirmed by comet assay, suggesting secondary genotoxicity and greater angiogenic potential. Chemical characterization of PM revealed distinct qualitative differences in the composition of the two secondary aerosol types. DISCUSSION: In this study using A549 and EA.hy926 cells exposed at ALI, SOA compounds had greater toxicity than primary SPs. Photochemical aging of naphthalene was associated with the formation of more oxidized, more aromatic SOAs with a higher oxidative potential and toxicity compared with b-pinene. Thus, we conclude that the influence of atmospheric chemistry on the chemical PM composition plays a crucial role for the adverse health outcome of emissions.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85124056914&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1289/EHP9413
DO - 10.1289/EHP9413
M3 - Article
C2 - 35112925
AN - SCOPUS:85124056914
SN - 0091-6765
VL - 130
JO - Environmental Health Perspectives
JF - Environmental Health Perspectives
IS - 2
M1 - 027003
ER -