TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of Titrating Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) with an Esophageal Pressure-Guided Strategy vs an Empirical High PEEP-F io 2 Strategy on Death and Days Free from Mechanical Ventilation among Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
T2 - A Randomized Clinical Trial
AU - Beitler, Jeremy R.
AU - Sarge, Todd
AU - Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie M.
AU - Gong, Michelle N.
AU - Cook, Deborah
AU - Novack, Victor
AU - Loring, Stephen H.
AU - Talmor, Daniel
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/3/5
Y1 - 2019/3/5
N2 - Importance: Adjusting positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to offset pleural pressure might attenuate lung injury and improve patient outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Objective: To determine whether PEEP titration guided by esophageal pressure (P ES ), an estimate of pleural pressure, was more effective than empirical high PEEP-fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio 2 ) in moderate to severe ARDS. Design, Setting, and Participants: Phase 2 randomized clinical trial conducted at 14 hospitals in North America. Two hundred mechanically ventilated patients aged 16 years and older with moderate to severe ARDS (Pao 2 :Fio 2 ≤200 mm Hg) were enrolled between October 31, 2012, and September 14, 2017; long-term follow-up was completed July 30, 2018. Interventions: Participants were randomized to P ES -guided PEEP (n = 102) or empirical high PEEP-Fio 2 (n = 98). All participants received low tidal volumes. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was a ranked composite score incorporating death and days free from mechanical ventilation among survivors through day 28. Prespecified secondary outcomes included 28-day mortality, days free from mechanical ventilation among survivors, and need for rescue therapy. Results: Two hundred patients were enrolled (mean [SD] age, 56 [16] years; 46% female) and completed 28-day follow-up. The primary composite end point was not significantly different between treatment groups (probability of more favorable outcome with P ES -guided PEEP: 49.6% [95% CI, 41.7% to 57.5%]; P =.92). At 28 days, 33 of 102 patients (32.4%) assigned to P ES -guided PEEP and 30 of 98 patients (30.6%) assigned to empirical PEEP-Fio 2 died (risk difference, 1.7% [95% CI, -11.1% to 14.6%]; P =.88). Days free from mechanical ventilation among survivors was not significantly different (median [interquartile range]: 22 [15-24] vs 21 [16.5-24] days; median difference, 0 [95% CI, -1 to 2] days; P =.85). Patients assigned to P ES -guided PEEP were significantly less likely to receive rescue therapy (4/102 [3.9%] vs 12/98 [12.2%]; risk difference, -8.3% [95% CI, -15.8% to -0.8%]; P =.04). None of the 7 other prespecified secondary clinical end points were significantly different. Adverse events included gross barotrauma, which occurred in 6 patients with P ES -guided PEEP and 5 patients with empirical PEEP-Fio 2 . Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with moderate to severe ARDS, P ES -guided PEEP, compared with empirical high PEEP-Fio 2 , resulted in no significant difference in death and days free from mechanical ventilation. These findings do not support P ES -guided PEEP titration in ARDS. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01681225.
AB - Importance: Adjusting positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to offset pleural pressure might attenuate lung injury and improve patient outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Objective: To determine whether PEEP titration guided by esophageal pressure (P ES ), an estimate of pleural pressure, was more effective than empirical high PEEP-fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio 2 ) in moderate to severe ARDS. Design, Setting, and Participants: Phase 2 randomized clinical trial conducted at 14 hospitals in North America. Two hundred mechanically ventilated patients aged 16 years and older with moderate to severe ARDS (Pao 2 :Fio 2 ≤200 mm Hg) were enrolled between October 31, 2012, and September 14, 2017; long-term follow-up was completed July 30, 2018. Interventions: Participants were randomized to P ES -guided PEEP (n = 102) or empirical high PEEP-Fio 2 (n = 98). All participants received low tidal volumes. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was a ranked composite score incorporating death and days free from mechanical ventilation among survivors through day 28. Prespecified secondary outcomes included 28-day mortality, days free from mechanical ventilation among survivors, and need for rescue therapy. Results: Two hundred patients were enrolled (mean [SD] age, 56 [16] years; 46% female) and completed 28-day follow-up. The primary composite end point was not significantly different between treatment groups (probability of more favorable outcome with P ES -guided PEEP: 49.6% [95% CI, 41.7% to 57.5%]; P =.92). At 28 days, 33 of 102 patients (32.4%) assigned to P ES -guided PEEP and 30 of 98 patients (30.6%) assigned to empirical PEEP-Fio 2 died (risk difference, 1.7% [95% CI, -11.1% to 14.6%]; P =.88). Days free from mechanical ventilation among survivors was not significantly different (median [interquartile range]: 22 [15-24] vs 21 [16.5-24] days; median difference, 0 [95% CI, -1 to 2] days; P =.85). Patients assigned to P ES -guided PEEP were significantly less likely to receive rescue therapy (4/102 [3.9%] vs 12/98 [12.2%]; risk difference, -8.3% [95% CI, -15.8% to -0.8%]; P =.04). None of the 7 other prespecified secondary clinical end points were significantly different. Adverse events included gross barotrauma, which occurred in 6 patients with P ES -guided PEEP and 5 patients with empirical PEEP-Fio 2 . Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with moderate to severe ARDS, P ES -guided PEEP, compared with empirical high PEEP-Fio 2 , resulted in no significant difference in death and days free from mechanical ventilation. These findings do not support P ES -guided PEEP titration in ARDS. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01681225.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85061571610&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1001/jama.2019.0555
DO - 10.1001/jama.2019.0555
M3 - Article
C2 - 30776290
AN - SCOPUS:85061571610
SN - 0098-7484
VL - 321
SP - 846
EP - 857
JO - JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association
JF - JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association
IS - 9
ER -