Evolution of multiple-access networks — cellular and non-cellular — In historical perspective. Part 4

Introduction: The goal of this issue is the analysis of evolution of the current and novel wireless networks, from second generation (2G) to fifth generation (5G), as well as changes in technologies and their corresponding theoretical background and protocols — from Bluetooth, WLAN, WiFi and WiMAX to LTE, OFDM/OFDMA, MIMO and LTE/MIMO advanced technologies with new hierarchy of cellular maps design — femto/pico/micro/macro. Methods: We use new theoretical frameworks for description of the advanced technologies, such as multicarrier diversity technique, OFDM and OFDM novel approach, MIMO aspects description based on multi-beam antennas approach, various cellular maps design based on a new algorithms of femto/pico/micro/macrocell deployment, and a new methodology of a new MIMO/LTE system integration based on multi-beam antennas. Results: We have created a new methodology of multi-carrier diversity description for novel multiple-access networks, of usage of OFDM/OFDMA modulation to obey inter-user and inter-symbol interference in multiple-access networks, of how to obey the multiplicative noises occurring in the multiple-access wireless networks, caused by multi-ray phenomena, and finally, of how to overcome propagation effects occurring in the terrestrial communication links by use combination of MIMO and LTE technologies based on multi-beam antennas. For these purposes we present new stochastic approach that accounts for the terrain features, such as buildings’ overlay profile, buildings’ density around the base station and each user antennas, and so forth. These parameters allow us to estimate for each situation occurs at the built-up terrain area the effects of fading, as a source of multiplicative noise. Practical relevance: New methodology of how to estimate effects of multiplicative noise, inter-user and inter-symbol interference, occurring in the terrestrial wireless networks, allows us to predict a-priory practical aspects of the current and new multiple-access wireless communication networks, such as: the users’ capacity and user’s links spectral efficiency for various configurations of cells deployment — femto, pico, micro, and macro, as well as the novel MIMO/LTE system configuration for future networks of 4^th and 5^th generation deployment.