Extracellular matrix-coated polyethersulfone-TPGS hollow fiber membranes showing improved biocompatibility and uremic toxins removal for bioartificial kidney application

In this study, L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and human collagen type IV were coated over the outer surface of the custom-made hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) with the objective of simultaneously improving biocompatibility leading to proliferation of human embryonic kidney cells-293 (HEK-293) and improving separation of uremic toxins, thereby making them suitable for bioartificial kidney application. Physicochemical characterization showed the development of coated HFMs, resulting in low hemolysis (0.25 ± 0.10%), low SC5b-9 marker level (7.95 ± 1.50 ng/mL), prolonged blood coagulation time, and minimal platelet adhesion, which indicated their improved human blood compatibility. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed significantly improved attachment and proliferation of HEK-293 cells on the outer surface of the coated HFMs, which was supported by the results of glucose consumption and MTT cell proliferation assay. The solute rejection profile of these coated HFMs was compared favorably with that of the commercial dialyzer membranes. These coated HFMs showed a remarkable 1.6–3.2 fold improvement in reduction ratio of uremic toxins as compared to standard dialyzer membranes. These results clearly demonstrated that these extracellular matrix-coated HFMs can be a potential biocompatible substrate for the attachment and proliferation of HEK-293 cells and removal of uremic toxins from the simulated blood, which may find future application for bioartificial renal assist device.