Factors associated with recent-onset injection drug use among drug users in Pakistan

Irene Kuo; Salman Ul-Hasan; Tariq Zafar; Noya Galai; Susan G. Sherman; Steffanie A. Strathdee

doi:10.1080/10826080701202197

Factors associated with recent-onset injection drug use among drug users in Pakistan

Irene Kuo, Salman Ul-Hasan, Tariq Zafar, Noya Galai, Susan G. Sherman, Steffanie A. Strathdee

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

Seventy-two recent-onset injection drug users and 241 non-injection drug users were recruited in Quetta and Lahore, Pakistan, in 2003. Trained interviewers administered questionnaires regarding drug use behaviors and perceived changes in drug cost/supply. Logistic regression identified independent correlates of recent-onset injection. In Lahore, a perceived increase in drug cost was associated with higher odds of recent-onset injection, with no association in Quetta. Recent-onset injection was also associated with family history of drug use, group drug use, and sharing snorting/chasing tools. Changes in perception of the drug supply may be associated with recent-onset injection drug use. Familial/social influences were also associated with recent-onset injection, suggesting peer-led interventions could discourage transition to injection drug use.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	853-870
Number of pages	18
Journal	Substance Use and Misuse
Volume	42
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080701202197
State	Published - 1 Apr 2007
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

"Chasing the dragon"
Drop-in-centers
Drug cost
Drug supply
Group drug use
Harm reduction
Heroin
Injection drug use
Injection initiation
Pakistan
Snorting
Trafficking routes
Transit route

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Medicine (miscellaneous)
Health(social science)
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Psychiatry and Mental health

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1080/10826080701202197

Cite this

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title = "Factors associated with recent-onset injection drug use among drug users in Pakistan",

abstract = "Seventy-two recent-onset injection drug users and 241 non-injection drug users were recruited in Quetta and Lahore, Pakistan, in 2003. Trained interviewers administered questionnaires regarding drug use behaviors and perceived changes in drug cost/supply. Logistic regression identified independent correlates of recent-onset injection. In Lahore, a perceived increase in drug cost was associated with higher odds of recent-onset injection, with no association in Quetta. Recent-onset injection was also associated with family history of drug use, group drug use, and sharing snorting/chasing tools. Changes in perception of the drug supply may be associated with recent-onset injection drug use. Familial/social influences were also associated with recent-onset injection, suggesting peer-led interventions could discourage transition to injection drug use.",

keywords = "{"}Chasing the dragon{"}, Drop-in-centers, Drug cost, Drug supply, Group drug use, Harm reduction, Heroin, Injection drug use, Injection initiation, Pakistan, Snorting, Trafficking routes, Transit route",

author = "Irene Kuo and Salman Ul-Hasan and Tariq Zafar and Noya Galai and Sherman, {Susan G.} and Strathdee, {Steffanie A.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors acknowledge funding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse in the form of an administrative supplement to grant DA09225 and from a National Scholars Research Award grant DA15291. We also thank the following staff members of the Nai Zindagi organization, who are dedicated to the provision of drug treatment and harm reduction services to the drug users in Pakistan, for the conduct of this study: Ghaznafar Imam and Ahmed Bakhsh at the Nai Zindagi main office; interviewers Jawad Akhtar, Dr. Faisal Khan, Syed Nauman, Muhammad Aslam, Mohammad Zulfiqar, Dr. Sharfiq, Amir Rehman, Syed Abdul Ali, Dr. Ziauddin, Dr. Rozi Kakar, Ihsan Danish, Ghazanfar Ali; and laboratory directors Shahid Abassi and Mateen Izhar. We would also like to thank the study participants, without whom this study would not be possible.",

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AU - Kuo, Irene

AU - Ul-Hasan, Salman

AU - Zafar, Tariq

AU - Galai, Noya

AU - Sherman, Susan G.

AU - Strathdee, Steffanie A.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors acknowledge funding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse in the form of an administrative supplement to grant DA09225 and from a National Scholars Research Award grant DA15291. We also thank the following staff members of the Nai Zindagi organization, who are dedicated to the provision of drug treatment and harm reduction services to the drug users in Pakistan, for the conduct of this study: Ghaznafar Imam and Ahmed Bakhsh at the Nai Zindagi main office; interviewers Jawad Akhtar, Dr. Faisal Khan, Syed Nauman, Muhammad Aslam, Mohammad Zulfiqar, Dr. Sharfiq, Amir Rehman, Syed Abdul Ali, Dr. Ziauddin, Dr. Rozi Kakar, Ihsan Danish, Ghazanfar Ali; and laboratory directors Shahid Abassi and Mateen Izhar. We would also like to thank the study participants, without whom this study would not be possible.

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N2 - Seventy-two recent-onset injection drug users and 241 non-injection drug users were recruited in Quetta and Lahore, Pakistan, in 2003. Trained interviewers administered questionnaires regarding drug use behaviors and perceived changes in drug cost/supply. Logistic regression identified independent correlates of recent-onset injection. In Lahore, a perceived increase in drug cost was associated with higher odds of recent-onset injection, with no association in Quetta. Recent-onset injection was also associated with family history of drug use, group drug use, and sharing snorting/chasing tools. Changes in perception of the drug supply may be associated with recent-onset injection drug use. Familial/social influences were also associated with recent-onset injection, suggesting peer-led interventions could discourage transition to injection drug use.

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KW - Injection initiation

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Factors associated with recent-onset injection drug use among drug users in Pakistan

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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