TY - JOUR
T1 - Formation of pupal rings in Ostrinia furnacalis
T2 - Insights into environmental and physiological influences
AU - Haichao, Wu
AU - Rizhao, Chen
AU - Abbas, Sohail
AU - Jing Xuan, Huang
AU - Hongyuan, Dong
AU - Feng, Xiao
AU - Alam, Aleena
AU - Ghramh, Hamed A.
AU - Khan, Khalid Ali
AU - Ali, Jamin
AU - Tonga, Adil
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press.
PY - 2025/1/1
Y1 - 2025/1/1
N2 - Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a key lepidopteran pest affecting maize production across Asia. While its general biology has been well studied, the phenomenon of pupal ring formation remains poorly understood. This study examined the factors influencing pupal ring formation under controlled laboratory conditions. Results showed that pupal rings were formed exclusively when larvae were reared on an artificial diet, with no ring formation observed on corn-stalks. Females exhibited a significantly higher tendency to participate in ring formation than males. Additionally, male participation increased proportionally with the number of rings formed, a pattern not observed in females. The size of the rearing arena significantly influenced ring formation, with smaller arenas (6 cm diameter) promoting more frequent pairing, particularly among females. Temperature also played a significant role: lower participation rates were recorded at 22 °C compared to 25 °C and 28 °C, although the number of rings formed did not differ significantly across temperatures. Developmental stage and sex composition further influenced pairing behaviour; pupal rings formed only among individuals of similar maturity, and male participation was significantly reduced in all-male groups compared to mixed-sex groups. These findings suggest that pupal ring formation in O. furnacalis is modulated by dietary substrate, larval sex, environmental conditions, and developmental synchrony, offering new insights into the behavioural ecology of this pest.
AB - Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a key lepidopteran pest affecting maize production across Asia. While its general biology has been well studied, the phenomenon of pupal ring formation remains poorly understood. This study examined the factors influencing pupal ring formation under controlled laboratory conditions. Results showed that pupal rings were formed exclusively when larvae were reared on an artificial diet, with no ring formation observed on corn-stalks. Females exhibited a significantly higher tendency to participate in ring formation than males. Additionally, male participation increased proportionally with the number of rings formed, a pattern not observed in females. The size of the rearing arena significantly influenced ring formation, with smaller arenas (6 cm diameter) promoting more frequent pairing, particularly among females. Temperature also played a significant role: lower participation rates were recorded at 22 °C compared to 25 °C and 28 °C, although the number of rings formed did not differ significantly across temperatures. Developmental stage and sex composition further influenced pairing behaviour; pupal rings formed only among individuals of similar maturity, and male participation was significantly reduced in all-male groups compared to mixed-sex groups. These findings suggest that pupal ring formation in O. furnacalis is modulated by dietary substrate, larval sex, environmental conditions, and developmental synchrony, offering new insights into the behavioural ecology of this pest.
KW - Ostrinia furnacalis
KW - environmental factors
KW - pest control
KW - physiological factors
KW - pupal ring formation
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105009131080
U2 - 10.1017/S0007485325100072
DO - 10.1017/S0007485325100072
M3 - Article
C2 - 40536275
AN - SCOPUS:105009131080
SN - 0007-4853
JO - Bulletin of Entomological Research
JF - Bulletin of Entomological Research
M1 - 1-7
ER -