From the Bottom-Up: Probing the Gap Between Street-Level Bureaucrats’ Intentions of Engaging in Policy Entrepreneurship and Their Behavior

This article takes the perspective of the street-level bureaucrat (SLB) as policy entrepreneur, asking when SLBs are more or less likely to engage in actions aimed at policy change. Drawing on an interdisciplinary approach that connects the public management and policy implementation literatures, this article explores the gap between intentions and behavior in street-level policy entrepreneurship. It investigates two individual and organizational variables (coupling self-efficacy and organizational climate for innovation) that mediate and moderate the relationships between attitudes toward policy entrepreneurship, intentions to engage in policy entrepreneurship, and actual entrepreneurial behavior among SLBs. We demonstrate how strengthening the individual and organizational variables discussed can help organizations improve their bottom-up policy making.