Generation II materials science for welds and advanced materials

There is a notion that welding, joining, and nondestructive evaluation are mature sciences with established engineering practices. The fact is that welds and advanced materials with interfaces and steep gradients require more comprehensive analytical treatments. Future chemical, physical, and mechanical analysis and implementations need further refinement, such as incorporation of the non-linear behavior associated with interfaces and gradients. The application of wave mechanics with wave-perturbing nondestructive tools and practices to assess more than one property measurement should enable a comprehensive understanding of the material state. The use of electronic, magnetic, and elastic assessments to evaluate the material state will be an everyday practice, including the establishment of electronic metallography practices.