Genetically engineered microbial fuel cells

This article reviews the advances that were made towards the understanding and the improvement of electron transfer and communication between living cells and electrodes with a specific emphasis on microbial fuel cells and bioelectrical systems. It summarizes the efforts that were made thus far to improve electron transfer between microorganisms and electrodes using the genetically based understanding of electron transfer in such organisms and the manipulations that can be performed to improve the transfer and subsequently control over power output. Future directions in the field are also reviewed and suggested in this article.