Globalisation, religion and secularisation - different states, same trajectories?

Around the world in countries at varying levels of development and different political systems, existing religion‐state arrangements are challenged by changes associated with globalisation, including, inter alia, economic liberalisation, democratisation and the spread of human rights concerns. States and societies, many of which had previously seen themselves as rather homogenous, are now challenged by various cross‐border flows associated with globalisation, that individually and collectively affect everyday life, as well as social and political structures. For example, immigrants bring with them religious beliefs and traditions that may challenge local ways of life, both religious and secular. In addition, economic liberalisation and increased consumer choice as a result of globalisation may also encourage apparent contradictions in traditional religious mores and norms and, as a result, can undermine or confront religious leaders and authorities. Further, changes associated with globalisation, and the reactions they evoke, may stimulate or encourage conflicts of various kinds in different states, both democratic and non‐democratic, and pose significant political challenges to incumbent governments.