TY - JOUR
T1 - Glyphosate transport through weathered granite soils under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions - Barcelona, Spain
AU - Candela, Lucila
AU - Caballero, Juan
AU - Ronen, Daniel
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Innovation (project CONSOLIDER-TRAGUA) for the financial support. The thorough and constructive reviews of the two anonymous reviewers have greatly improved the quality of the paper.
PY - 2010/5/1
Y1 - 2010/5/1
N2 - The transport of Glyphosate ([N-phosphonomethyl] glycine), AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid, CH6NO3P), and Bromide (Br-) has been studied, in the Mediterranean Maresme area of Spain, north of Barcelona, where groundwater is located at a depth of 5.5m. The unsaturated zone of weathered - granite soils was characterized in adjacent irrigated and non-irrigated experimental plots where 11 and 10 boreholes were drilled, respectively. At the non irrigated plot, the first half of the period was affected by a persistent and intense rainfall. After 69days of application residues of Glyphosate up to 73.6μgg-1 were detected till a depth of 0.5m under irrigated conditions, AMPA, analyzed only in the irrigated plot was detected till a depth of 0.5m. According to the retardation coefficient of Glyphosate as compared to that of Br- for the topsoil and subsoil (80 and 83, respectively) and the maximum observed migration depth of Br- (2.9m) Glyphosate and AMPA should have been detected till a depth of 0.05m only. Such migration could be related to the low content of organic matter and clays in the soils; recharge generated by irrigation and heavy rain, and possible preferential solute transport and/or colloidal mediated transport.
AB - The transport of Glyphosate ([N-phosphonomethyl] glycine), AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid, CH6NO3P), and Bromide (Br-) has been studied, in the Mediterranean Maresme area of Spain, north of Barcelona, where groundwater is located at a depth of 5.5m. The unsaturated zone of weathered - granite soils was characterized in adjacent irrigated and non-irrigated experimental plots where 11 and 10 boreholes were drilled, respectively. At the non irrigated plot, the first half of the period was affected by a persistent and intense rainfall. After 69days of application residues of Glyphosate up to 73.6μgg-1 were detected till a depth of 0.5m under irrigated conditions, AMPA, analyzed only in the irrigated plot was detected till a depth of 0.5m. According to the retardation coefficient of Glyphosate as compared to that of Br- for the topsoil and subsoil (80 and 83, respectively) and the maximum observed migration depth of Br- (2.9m) Glyphosate and AMPA should have been detected till a depth of 0.05m only. Such migration could be related to the low content of organic matter and clays in the soils; recharge generated by irrigation and heavy rain, and possible preferential solute transport and/or colloidal mediated transport.
KW - AMPA
KW - Agricultural management
KW - Field experiments
KW - Glyphosate
KW - Mediterranean area
KW - Vadose zone
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77951767381&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.03.006
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.03.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 20347475
AN - SCOPUS:77951767381
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 408
SP - 2509
EP - 2516
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
IS - 12
ER -