TY - JOUR
T1 - Grar
T2 - A chalcolithic site in the northern Negev, Israel
AU - Gilead, Isaac
N1 - Funding Information:
The excavations at Grar benefited from the efforts and enthusiasm of numerous students of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and Brandeis University in the United States. The area supervisors deserve warm thanks: Debbi Hershman, Yuval Goren, Peter Fabian, Steve Kangas, and Ofer Marder. Caroline Grigson invested time and energy in the analysis of the faunal remains. The artifacts were studied with the help of Yu.valGoren and Steve Kangas (pottery), Debbi Hershman and Ofer Marder (flint), and Peter Fabian (other stone). Arlene Rosen examined the phytoliths. Patrice Kaminski, Yuval G9ren, Pieter Loup-pen, and Alter Fogel prepared the figures. Caroline Grig-son, Steve Rosen, and Adrian Hashai read the manuscript and made useful correction~. I would like to thank the two reviewers whose comments on a draft of the article contributed to the final version. I extend my gratitude to Eliezer D. Oren ofBen-Gurion University and Jean Perrot of the French Center of Scientific Research in Jerusalem who initiated the Grar project and supported it. The project was partially financed by the Fund for Basic Research of the Israel Academy of Sciences.
PY - 1989/1/1
Y1 - 1989/1/1
N2 - Grar is one of the largest Chalcolithic sites in southern Israel. The first part of this article presents an overview of the results of excavations carried out on the site during 1981-1987. The site of Grar is a cluster of occupational units once inhabited by sedentary farmers growing cereals and raising sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle. Grar is similar to other sites in the northern Negev previously considered as ephemeral. This suggests that the role of pastoralism and semi-nomadism in the Chalcolithic period has been overemphasized. Grar and other sites of the Chalcolithic period are, in fact, the earliest versions of villages of the Near Eastern fellahin, or peasants. A comparative study of Grar and other northern Negev sites follows. Although the area in question is small, it is suggested that during the Chalcolithic period the northern Negev was settled by two groups, or “tribes,” with the same cultural background but different modes of life.
AB - Grar is one of the largest Chalcolithic sites in southern Israel. The first part of this article presents an overview of the results of excavations carried out on the site during 1981-1987. The site of Grar is a cluster of occupational units once inhabited by sedentary farmers growing cereals and raising sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle. Grar is similar to other sites in the northern Negev previously considered as ephemeral. This suggests that the role of pastoralism and semi-nomadism in the Chalcolithic period has been overemphasized. Grar and other sites of the Chalcolithic period are, in fact, the earliest versions of villages of the Near Eastern fellahin, or peasants. A comparative study of Grar and other northern Negev sites follows. Although the area in question is small, it is suggested that during the Chalcolithic period the northern Negev was settled by two groups, or “tribes,” with the same cultural background but different modes of life.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84976784887
U2 - 10.1179/jfa.1989.16.4.377
DO - 10.1179/jfa.1989.16.4.377
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84976784887
SN - 0093-4690
VL - 16
SP - 377
EP - 394
JO - Journal of Field Archaeology
JF - Journal of Field Archaeology
IS - 4
ER -