Hairpin structures are the primary amplification products: A novel mechanism for generation of inverted repeats during gene amplification

Sarit Cohen, David Hassin, Shulamit Karby, Sara Lavi

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

23 Scopus citations

Abstract

Early events of DNA amplification which occur during perturbed replication were studied by using simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed Chinese hamster cells (CO60) as a model system. The amplification is observed shortly after carcinogen treatment, and the amplified sequences contain molecules organized as inverted repeats (IRs). SV40 amplification in vitro was studied by using extracts from carcinogen-treated CO60 cells. In the amplified DNA the SV40 origin region was rereplicated, while more distal sequences were not replicated even once. Using several experimental procedures such as sucrose gradients, 'snap-back' assay, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we show that the overreplicated DNA contains IRs which are synthesized de novo as hairpins or stem-loop structures which were detached from the template molecules. The fully replicated SV40 molecules synthesized by the HeLa extracts do not contain such IRs. We propose 'U-turn replication' as a novel mechanism for gene amplification, accounting for the generation of extrachromosomal inverted duplications as a result of perturbed replication and template switching of the DNA polymerases.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)7782-7791
Number of pages10
JournalMolecular and Cellular Biology
Volume14
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Jan 1994
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

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