Harmunite CaFe₂O₄: A new mineral from the Jabel Harmun, West Bank, Palestinian Autonomy, Israel

Harmunite, naturally occurring calcium ferrite CaFe₂O ₄, was discovered in the Hatrurim Complex of pyrometamorphic larnite rocks close to the Jabel Harmun, the Judean Desert, West Bank, Palestinian Autonomy, Israel. The new mineral occurs in larnite pebbles of the pseudo-conglomerate, the cement of which consists of intensely altered larnite-bearing rocks. Srebrodolskite, magnesioferrite, and harmunite are intergrown forming black porous aggregates to the central part of the pebbles. Larnite, fluorellestadite, ye'elimite, fluormayenite, gehlenite, ternesite, and calciolangbeinite are the main associated minerals. Empirical crystal chemical formula of harmunite from type specimen is as follows Ca_1.013(Fe ³₁₊₉₅₇Al_{0 015}Cr³⁺ _0.011Ti⁴⁺_0.004 Mg_{0 003})Σ _{1 993}O₄. Calculated density is 4.404 g/cm³, microhardness VHN₅₀ is 655 kg/mm². The Raman spectrum of harmunite is similar to that of the synthetic analog. Harmunite in hand specimen is black and under reflected plane-polarized light is light gray with red internal reflections. Reflectance data for the COM wavelengths vary from ∼22% (400 nm) to ∼18% (700 nm). The crystal structure of harmunite [Pnma; a = 9.2183(3), b = 3.0175(1), c = 10.6934(4) Å; Z = 4, V = 297.45(2) ų], analogous to the synthetic counterpart, was refined from X-ray single-crystal data to R1 = 0.0262. The structure of CaFe₂O₄ consist of two symmetrically independent FeO ₆ octahedra connected over common edges, forming double rutile-type 1_∞[Fe₂O₆] chains. Four such double chains are further linked by common oxygen corners creating a tunnel-structure with large trigonal prismatic cavities occupied by Ca along [001]. The strongest diffraction lines are as follows [d_hkl, (I)]: 2.6632(100), 2.5244(60), 2.6697(52), 1.8335(40), 2.5225(35), 2.2318(34), 1.8307(27), 1.5098 (19). Crystallization of harmunite takes place in the presence of sulfate melt.