Hiatal Hernia Repair: Can We Predict the Need for Mesh?

Introduction: The use of mesh for paraesophageal hernia repair is controversial due to concerns about long-term complications. This study aimed to investigate whether preoperative imaging characteristics of diaphragmatic hernia could predict the need for mesh repair. Methods: The records of all patients who underwent laparoscopic diaphragmatic hernia repair between September 2015 and September 2022 were reviewed. Patients’ preoperative computerized tomography (CT) imaging was reviewed and was correlated with mesh repair. Results: A total of 53 patients were included in the study. Volumetric measurements were obtained from preoperative CT scans to assess hiatal defect area (HDA) and hernia sac volume (HSV). Mesh repair was required in 43.4% of cases, all among types II–IV. The mesh repair group had a higher mean hiatal neck height (50.8 – 16.35 versus 43.22 – 17.08 mm, P < .032) and higher HSV (708.53 – 577.6 versus 346.866 – 321.65 cm³, P < .003). There was also a borderline difference in HDA mean values (23.78 – 17.22 versus 16.8 – 10.41 cm², P < .059). Conclusions: Preoperative HSV on CT scans can be a valuable predictor for the need for mesh repair during hiatal hernia surgery, aiding surgical planning and decision-making. Further research is needed to validate these findings and optimize hernia repair outcomes.