Hip arthroscopy - Indications, surgical technique and implementation

Hip arthroscopy was first described by Burman in 1931. During the 1980's this procedure was performed by a limited group of orthopedic surgeons. Implementation and development of the surgical procedure received most attention during those years, together with the formulation of specific indications to perform hip arthroscopy. In contrast to other large joints (knee, shoulder), where accurate diagnosis is feasible using standard imaging procedures such as plain radiographs, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the hip joint often presents as a diagnostic anomaly. In specific cases hip arthroscopy can add invaluable information, which, in correlation with the symptoms of the patient, can lead to an accurate diagnosis. Hip arthroscopy has various indications including the removal of foreign or loose bodies, irrigation of an infected hip joint and evaluation of the cartilage. The list of indications is still expanding as more surgeons become familiar with the technique. Hip arthroscopy is a safe and efficient procedure in experienced hands. This review of the literature describes the surgical procedure, various clinical situations, indications and the therapeutic potential of hip arthroscopy.