TY - JOUR
T1 - Human β-defensin-2
T2 - A natural antimicrobial peptide present in amniotic fluid participates in the host response to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity
AU - Soto, Eleazar
AU - Espinoza, Jimmy
AU - Nien, Jyh Kae
AU - Kusanovic, Juan Pedro
AU - Erez, Offer
AU - Richani, Karina
AU - Santolaya-Forgas, Joaquin
AU - Romero, Roberto
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Intramural Program of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS.
PY - 2007/1/1
Y1 - 2007/1/1
N2 - Objective. Human β-defensin-2 (HBD-2) is a potent antimicrobial peptide that is part of the innate immune response. The purpose of this study was to determine whether HBD-2 is present in amniotic fluid and if its concentration changes with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and labor. Study design. Amniotic fluid was retrieved by amniocentesis from 318 patients in the following groups: (1) mid-trimester (n = 75); (2) term not in labor (n = 28) and in labor (n = 51); (3) preterm labor and intact membranes without MIAC who delivered at term (n = 36), who delivered preterm without MIAC (n = 52), and preterm labor with MIAC who delivered preterm (n = 25); and (4) preterm premature rupture of membranes (preterm PROM) with (n = 25) and without MIAC (n = 26). MIAC was defined as a positive amniotic fluid culture for microorganisms. Amniotic fluid HBD-2 concentrations were determined using a sensitive and specific ELISA. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis. Results. (1) HBD-2 was detected in all amniotic fluid samples; (2) the concentration of HBD-2 did not change with gestational age from mid-trimester to term (p = 0.8); (3) intra-amniotic infection was associated with a significant increase in amniotic fluid concentrations of HBD-2 in both women with preterm labor and intact membranes, and women with preterm PROM (p < 0.05 for each comparison); (4) patients with preterm labor and a negative amniotic fluid culture who delivered preterm had a higher median amniotic fluid HBD-2 concentration than those with preterm labor who delivered at term (p=0.001); and (5) among patients with preterm labor without MIAC, those who had intra-amniotic inflammation (amniotic fluid white blood cell count >100 cells per mL) had a higher median amniotic fluid concentration of HBD-2 than those without this condition (p < 0.002). Conclusion. (1) Amniotic fluid contains HBD-2, a natural antimicrobial peptide, and this may account for some of the antimicrobial activity of amniotic fluid; (2) amniotic fluid HBD-2 concentrations are increased in women with MIAC, regardless of the membrane status (intact membranes or PROM); and (3) we propose that amniotic fluid HBD-2 is part of the innate immune system within the amniotic cavity.
AB - Objective. Human β-defensin-2 (HBD-2) is a potent antimicrobial peptide that is part of the innate immune response. The purpose of this study was to determine whether HBD-2 is present in amniotic fluid and if its concentration changes with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and labor. Study design. Amniotic fluid was retrieved by amniocentesis from 318 patients in the following groups: (1) mid-trimester (n = 75); (2) term not in labor (n = 28) and in labor (n = 51); (3) preterm labor and intact membranes without MIAC who delivered at term (n = 36), who delivered preterm without MIAC (n = 52), and preterm labor with MIAC who delivered preterm (n = 25); and (4) preterm premature rupture of membranes (preterm PROM) with (n = 25) and without MIAC (n = 26). MIAC was defined as a positive amniotic fluid culture for microorganisms. Amniotic fluid HBD-2 concentrations were determined using a sensitive and specific ELISA. Non-parametric statistics were used for analysis. Results. (1) HBD-2 was detected in all amniotic fluid samples; (2) the concentration of HBD-2 did not change with gestational age from mid-trimester to term (p = 0.8); (3) intra-amniotic infection was associated with a significant increase in amniotic fluid concentrations of HBD-2 in both women with preterm labor and intact membranes, and women with preterm PROM (p < 0.05 for each comparison); (4) patients with preterm labor and a negative amniotic fluid culture who delivered preterm had a higher median amniotic fluid HBD-2 concentration than those with preterm labor who delivered at term (p=0.001); and (5) among patients with preterm labor without MIAC, those who had intra-amniotic inflammation (amniotic fluid white blood cell count >100 cells per mL) had a higher median amniotic fluid concentration of HBD-2 than those without this condition (p < 0.002). Conclusion. (1) Amniotic fluid contains HBD-2, a natural antimicrobial peptide, and this may account for some of the antimicrobial activity of amniotic fluid; (2) amniotic fluid HBD-2 concentrations are increased in women with MIAC, regardless of the membrane status (intact membranes or PROM); and (3) we propose that amniotic fluid HBD-2 is part of the innate immune system within the amniotic cavity.
KW - Amniotic fluid
KW - Antimicrobial peptide
KW - Human beta defensin-2
KW - Intra-amniotic infection
KW - Preterm PROM
KW - Preterm labor
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34248580011&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/14767050601036212
DO - 10.1080/14767050601036212
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:34248580011
SN - 1476-7058
VL - 20
SP - 15
EP - 22
JO - Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
JF - Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
IS - 1
ER -