Hyperbolicity constraints in extended gravity theories

We study the characteristic structure of the Einstein-Hilbert (EH) action when modifications of the form of R2, Rmn ² , R_mnrs ² and C_mnr ² s are included. We show that when these quadratic terms are significant, the initial value problem is generically ill-posed. We do so by demanding the hyperbolicity of the effective metric for propagation of perturbations. Here, we find a general expression for the effective metric in field space and calculate it explicitly about the cosmological Friedman-Robertson-Walker spacetime, and the spherically symmetric Schwarzschild solution. We find that when these quadratic contributions are non-negligible, the signature of the effective metric becomes non-Lorentzian and hence non-hyperbolic. As a consequence, we conclude that theories suggesting the inclusion of these terms can only be considered as a perturbative extension of the EH action and therefore cannot constitute a true alternative to general relativity.