@article{0e2992309e1b4e1b9e7c39b8c94380ca,
title = "iEcology: Harnessing Large Online Resources to Generate Ecological Insights",
abstract = "Digital data are accumulating at unprecedented rates. These contain a lot of information about the natural world, some of which can be used to answer key ecological questions. Here, we introduce iEcology (i.e., internet ecology), an emerging research approach that uses diverse online data sources and methods to generate insights about species distribution over space and time, interactions and dynamics of organisms and their environment, and anthropogenic impacts. We review iEcology data sources and methods, and provide examples of potential research applications. We also outline approaches to reduce potential biases and improve reliability and applicability. As technologies and expertise improve, and costs diminish, iEcology will become an increasingly important means to gain novel insights into the natural world.",
keywords = "biodiversity, biogeography, culturomics, data mining, digital data, internet, social media",
author = "Ivan Jari{\'c} and Correia, {Ricardo A.} and Brook, {Barry W.} and Buettel, {Jessie C.} and Franck Courchamp and {Di Minin}, Enrico and Firth, {Josh A.} and Gaston, {Kevin J.} and Paul Jepson and Gregor Kalinkat and Richard Ladle and Andrea Soriano-Redondo and Souza, {Allan T.} and Uri Roll",
note = "Funding Information: I.J.{\textquoteright}s work was supported by the J. E. Purkyn{\v e} Fellowship of the Czech Academy of Sciences . F.C. was supported through the Invacost grants by the ANR , the AXA Research Fund Chair for Invasion Biology and Biodiversa AlienScenarios. R.A.C. acknowledges funding from the Helsinki Institute for Sustainability Science (HELSUS) to E.D.M. E.D.M. thanks the European Research Council (ERC) for funding under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement #802933 ). A.T.S. acknowledges the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme funding (project grant No. 677039 ), and ERDF/ESF funding ( CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007417 ). U.R. is supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 406/19 ). J.A.F. was supported by a research fellowship from Merton College and BBSRC ( BB/S009752/1 ) and acknowledges funding from NERC ( NE/S010335/1 ). We thank {\L}ukasz Dylewski, Pieter De Frenne, Zuzanna A. Jagiello, Shelan S. Jeawak, Alison Johnston, Gabriella R. M. Leighton, Peter Mikula, and Justin G. Schuetz for sharing data and figures. The authors also thank Andrea Stephens and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments and suggestions that improved the quality of the paper. Funding Information: I.J.?s work was supported by the J. E. Purkyn? Fellowship of the Czech Academy of Sciences. F.C. was supported through the Invacost grants by the ANR, the AXA Research Fund Chair for Invasion Biology and Biodiversa AlienScenarios. R.A.C. acknowledges funding from the Helsinki Institute for Sustainability Science (HELSUS) to E.D.M. E.D.M. thanks the European Research Council (ERC) for funding under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement #802933). A.T.S. acknowledges the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme funding (project grant No. 677039), and ERDF/ESF funding (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007417). U.R. is supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 406/19). J.A.F. was supported by a research fellowship from Merton College and BBSRC (BB/S009752/1) and acknowledges funding from NERC (NE/S010335/1). We thank ?ukasz Dylewski, Pieter De Frenne, Zuzanna A. Jagiello, Shelan S. Jeawak, Alison Johnston, Gabriella R. M. Leighton, Peter Mikula, and Justin G. Schuetz for sharing data and figures. The authors also thank Andrea Stephens and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments and suggestions that improved the quality of the paper. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Authors",
year = "2020",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.tree.2020.03.003",
language = "English",
volume = "35",
pages = "630--639",
journal = "Trends in Ecology and Evolution",
issn = "0169-5347",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd.",
number = "7",
}