Impact of built-up terrain on operational parameters ofsignals in land-satellite communication links

Purpose: Examining the propagation of radio signals in urban environments for different elevations of a moving satellite antenna and stationary or mobile subscribers' antennas located below or above the rooftops, based on a stochastic multi-para-metric approach and concentrating on temporal and spatial properties of signal power variations in order to predict the channel pass loss and fading effects. Results: In the framework of the stochastic approach proposed in this work, the total signal power, the corresponding probability density functions, and the scales of the temporal and frequency characteristics were analyzed. All the predicted characteristics were examined numerically. The impact of buildings' density and satellite antenna elevation upon the above-mentioned characteristics of the radio signal were examined through the lens of special experiments performed by various research groups worldwide. Practical relevance: As the computed and experimentally observed data give a good agreement between the proposed stochastic approach and the approaches proposed by other researchers, it can be used to predict link budget for various built-up terrain environments and for various elevations ofmovingsatellite antennas.