Implementation of Sprouts: A Graph Drawing Game

Tomáš Čížek, Martin Balko

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionpeer-review

Abstract

Sprouts is a two-player pencil-and-paper game invented by John Conway and Michael Paterson in 1967. In the game, the players take turns in joining dots by curves according to simple rules, until one player cannot make a move. The game of Sprouts is very popular and simple-looking, so it may come as a surprise that there are essentially no AI Sprouts players available. This lack of computer opponents is caused by the fact that the game hides a surprisingly high combinatorial complexity and implementing it involves fascinating programming challenges. We overcome all the implementation barriers and create the first user-friendly Sprouts application with a strong artificial intelligence after more than 50 years of the existence of the game. In particular, we combine results from the theory of nimbers with new methods based on Delaunay triangulations and crossing-preserving force-directed algorithms to develop an AI Sprouts player which plays a perfect game on up to 11 spots.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationGraph Drawing and Network Visualization - 29th International Symposium, GD 2021, Revised Selected Papers
EditorsHelen C. Purchase, Ignaz Rutter
PublisherSpringer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages391-405
Number of pages15
ISBN (Print)9783030929305
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Jan 2021
Externally publishedYes
Event29th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization, GD 2021 - Tübingen, Germany
Duration: 14 Sep 202117 Sep 2021

Publication series

NameLecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
Volume12868 LNCS
ISSN (Print)0302-9743
ISSN (Electronic)1611-3349

Conference

Conference29th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization, GD 2021
Country/TerritoryGermany
CityTübingen
Period14/09/2117/09/21

Keywords

  • Combinatorial game
  • Graph drawing
  • Nimbers
  • Sprouts

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Theoretical Computer Science
  • General Computer Science

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