Integrated nanofiltration membrane process for water and wastewater treatment

Here, we present a general overview of water and wastewater treatment especially focused on the integration of nanofiltration (NF) technology into water and wastewater treatment applications. Membrane filtration has become an essential part of advanced treatment in wastewater recycling and other processes such as desalination to augment the potable water supply. This chapter presents the integrated process as a solution for NF challenges and discusses the effectiveness of the NF process integrated with other treatments. The goal of these NF-integrated process studies is to investigate and provide solutions toward commercially viable processes. Finally, economic evaluation of water and wastewater treatment using NF technology is also discussed. Integrated membrane systems in water and wastewater treatment as described combined with future developments might lead to solutions that address the problem of water scarcity.