TY - JOUR
T1 - Interactions between respiratory syncytial virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of childhood respiratory infections
T2 - a systematic review
AU - Besteman, Sjanna B.
AU - Bogaert, Debby
AU - Bont, Louis
AU - Mejias, Asuncion
AU - Ramilo, Octavio
AU - Weinberger, Daniel M.
AU - Dagan, Ron
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2024/1/1
Y1 - 2024/1/1
N2 - Lower respiratory tract infections, commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), pose a substantial global health burden, especially in children younger than 5 years of age. A deeper understanding of the relationship between RSV and pneumococcus would aid the development of health-care approaches to disease prevention and management. We completed a systematic review to identify and assess evidence pertaining to the relationship between RSV and pneumococcus in the pathogenesis of childhood respiratory infections. We found mechanistic evidence for direct pathogen–pathogen interactions and for indirect interactions involving host modulation. We found a strong seasonal epidemiological association between these two pathogens, which was recently confirmed by a parallel decrease and a subsequent resurgence of both RSV and pneumococcus-associated disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, we found that pneumococcal vaccination was associated with reduced RSV hospitalisations in infants, further supporting the relevance of their interaction in modulating severe disease. Overall evidence supports a broad biological and clinical interaction between pneumococcus and RSV in the pathogenesis of childhood respiratory infections. We hypothesise that the implementation of next-generation pneumococcal and RSV vaccines and monoclonal antibodies targeting RSV will act synergistically to reduce global morbidity and mortality related to childhood respiratory infections.
AB - Lower respiratory tract infections, commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), pose a substantial global health burden, especially in children younger than 5 years of age. A deeper understanding of the relationship between RSV and pneumococcus would aid the development of health-care approaches to disease prevention and management. We completed a systematic review to identify and assess evidence pertaining to the relationship between RSV and pneumococcus in the pathogenesis of childhood respiratory infections. We found mechanistic evidence for direct pathogen–pathogen interactions and for indirect interactions involving host modulation. We found a strong seasonal epidemiological association between these two pathogens, which was recently confirmed by a parallel decrease and a subsequent resurgence of both RSV and pneumococcus-associated disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, we found that pneumococcal vaccination was associated with reduced RSV hospitalisations in infants, further supporting the relevance of their interaction in modulating severe disease. Overall evidence supports a broad biological and clinical interaction between pneumococcus and RSV in the pathogenesis of childhood respiratory infections. We hypothesise that the implementation of next-generation pneumococcal and RSV vaccines and monoclonal antibodies targeting RSV will act synergistically to reduce global morbidity and mortality related to childhood respiratory infections.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85198567785&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00148-6
DO - 10.1016/S2213-2600(24)00148-6
M3 - Review article
C2 - 38991585
AN - SCOPUS:85198567785
SN - 2213-2600
JO - The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
JF - The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
ER -